Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术治疗合并糖尿病的Fontaine1V级下肢动脉缺血

目的探讨Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术的临床价值。方法2011年1月～2012年2月20例合并糖尿病的FontaineIV级缺血（ABI：0．10～0．22,平均0．15）,按照Angiosome概念评价足部破损区域的靶血管并开通,其中胫前动脉7例,胫后动脉10例,胫前后动脉3例。患肢股浅动脉顺行穿刺,应用V18导丝及Reekross18球囊导管开通闭塞的靶血管,AmphirionDeep球囊行成形术。术后即时测定患肢踝肱指数（anklebrachialindex,ABI）,术后1、3、6个月采用血管多普勒和CTA／NCMRA以及局部切口愈合情况评价血管开通、通畅性和创面修复情况,同时记录有无截肢事件发生。结果20例均成功开通靶血管,无相关并发症发生。术后即时AB10．86±0．06,较术前0．154-0．03显著提高（t=-45．603,P=0．000）。术后1、3、6个月时靶血管的通畅率分别为100％（20／20）、95％（19／20）、75％（15／20）。术后6个月保肢率为100％,85％（17／20）的患肢6个月时完全愈合。结论Angiosome指导下膝下动脉成形术治疗合并糖尿病的FontaineIV级缺血安全可行,有助于保肢及促进创面愈合的治疗。     

angiosome理念在重症下肢缺血膝下病变血运重建中的意义

angiosome是一个解剖单元,包括皮肤、皮下组织、筋膜、肌肉、骨骼以及供应其血液的源动脉和特定的引流静脉。按照angiosome理念,不管是采取腔内还是外科旁路手术,重建膝下动脉病变的源动脉血运对重症肢体缺血患者可能产生更好的伤口愈合率及更高的保肢率。笔者就angiosome理念及其在下肢重症缺血膝下血管病变血运重建治疗策略制定方面的作用作一综述。     

基于Angiosome理念的腔内治疗干预糖尿病足的临床研究

目的:探讨Angiosome理念指导下的腔内治疗干预糖尿病足(DF)的效果。方法:选取滨州市沾化区人民医院、济南市中医医院和山东省立医院2015年1月—2018年1月收治的DF患者47例,随机分为Angiosome组和PTA组。Angiosome组患者基于Angiosome理念开展腔内治疗,PTA组患者常规开展PTA治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后踝肱压力指数(ABI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和随访期内截肢情况。结果:两组患者治疗后ABI和VAS评分较治疗前显著改善,Angiosome组患者ABI和VAS改善情况优于PTA组患者,随访期内截肢率低于PTA组。结论:基于Angiosome理念的腔内治疗可以显著改善DF患肢的缺血状态,有效降低截肢率。     

Delay by Staged Elevation of Flaps and Importance of Inclusion of the Perforator Artery

“Surgical delay” is aimed at increasing blood flow to adjacent angiosomes by opening choke vessels, to obtain larger and more reliable flaps. We hypothesized that staged elevation (delay) from distal to proximal, in addition to preservation perforator artery near the base will improve survival. Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups and 3x8cm caudal McFarlane flaps were elevated. In “delay” groups the 3 × 4 cm distal part was elevated and sutured back, with complete elevation (3 × 8 cm) after 4 days. The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) at the base was either preserved or transected. The groups were: group A (Delay/DCIA preserved), group B (Delay/DCIA transected), group C (No Delay/DCIA preserved), group D (No Delay/DCIA transected). The percentage of surviving flap area was measured after 7 days with digital planimetrics. Statistics were done with ANOVA and unpaired T-test. The survivals were: 98.44 ± 3.13 %(group A), 69.33 ± 5.51 %(group B), 76.50 ± 8.91 %(group C) and 52.89 ± 3.15 %(group D). Delay lead to a greater degree of survival whether the arteries were preserved (p = 0.002) or transected (p = 0.01). In groups where the DCIA was preserved, the delay lead to a greater area of survival (p = 0.002). Inclusion of arteries lead to a greater degree of survival whether delay was performed (p = 0.003) or not (p = 0.005). Necropsy showed that the DCIAs were dilated bilaterally when preserved with vascular arcades reaching all viable areas. When the DCIA was transected, the gluteal perforators were dilated bilaterally with the vascular arcades reaching all viable areas. Staged elevation is an effective method of delay in both random and rando-axial flaps. When this is combined with preserving the perforator artery, survival rates are further enhanced.     

蒂部动脉位置对跨区穿支皮瓣成活的影响

目的 通过改变蒂部动脉的位置，探讨其对跨区穿支皮瓣成活的影响。 方法 将32只SD大鼠随机分成两组：对照组，保留右侧髂腰动、静脉；实验组，保留右侧髂腰静脉+左侧髂腰动脉。术后7 d，统计皮瓣成活率，血管造影观察choke动脉扩张情况，HE染色显微镜下测量choke动脉的腔内直径。 结果 术后7 d，实验组皮瓣成活率高于对照组，（85.5±2.9）% vs（68.9±2.6）%，P<0.001；两组choke1动脉扩张程度相当，（46.93±6.21）μm vs（46.79±6.69）μm，P>0.05，实验组choke2动脉扩张较对照组更明显，（66.08±6.78）μm vs（46.00±6.90）μm，P<0.001。 结论 蒂部动脉位置改变，可促进choke动脉扩张和皮瓣远端供血，从而提高跨区穿支皮瓣成活率。     

A review of the surgical management of heel pressure ulcers in the 21st century

Heel ulceration, most frequently the result of prolonged pressure because of patient immobility, can range from the trivial to the life threatening. Whilst the vast majority of heel pressure ulcers (PUs) are superficial and involve the skin (stages I and II) or underlying fat (stage III), between 10% and 20% will involve deeper tissues, either muscle, tendon or bone (stage IV). These stage IV heel PUs represent a major health and economic burden and can be difficult to treat. The worst outcomes are seen in those with large ulcers, compromised peripheral arterial supply, osteomyelitis and associated comorbidities. Whilst the mainstay of management of stage I‐III heel pressure ulceration centres on offloading and appropriate wound care, successful healing in stage IV PUs is often only possible with surgical intervention. Such intervention includes simple debridement, partial or total calcanectomy, arterial revascularisation in the context of coexisting peripheral vascular disease or using free tissue flaps. Amputation may be required for failed surgical intervention, or as a definitive first‐line procedure in certain high‐risk or poor prognosis patient groups. This review provides an overview of heel PUs, alongside a comprehensive literature review detailing the surgical interventions available when managing such patients.