降调节对卵子质量的影响

近10余年来，在体外受精一胚胎移植（IVF-ET）周期中应用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）进行控制性卵巢刺激（COS）已成为普遍采用的方法，其主要原因是GnRH-a可以促进卵巢内多个卵泡同步发育和成熟，抑制内源性黄体生成素（LH）峰，阻遏卵泡过早黄素化及卵子早熟。由于GnRH-a在IVF-ET进行降调节COS中的应用不同，可将COS方案分为长方案和短方案。[第一段]     

大Y携带者不良孕产史与胚胎非整倍体率增高的关系

目的探讨1例有不良孕产史的大Y携带者的胚胎异常情况。方法1对有2次自然流产史的夫妇,男方染色体核型为46,XY,Yqh ,常规超促排卵和卵母细胞胞浆内单精子注射,受精后第3天和第4天进行胚胎活检,获取分裂球,采用18,X,Y三色着丝粒探针进行荧光原位杂交分析(FISH),第5天移植正常胚胎。异常胚胎及废弃胚胎所有分裂球第6天再次FISH确定胚胎核型。结果患者获卵19个,对其中13个M2期卵母细胞进行ICSI,12个受精,分裂11胚。10个胚胎获得明确诊断,其中4个正常胚胎,6个异常胚胎,异常发生率达60%。5个为女胚,其中1个正常核型,4个异常胚胎中2个为无序分裂,2个为嵌合体;5个为男胚,3个正常,2个异常胚胎中1个为无序分裂,1个为嵌合体。对染色体正常的1个女胚进行宫腔内移植,未获得妊娠。结论该例大Y患者胚胎非整倍体发生率增高可能是导致其不良孕产史的原因。     

体外受精周期中来源于单原核受精卵胚胎性染色体分析

目的：分析常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵胚胎性染色体的异常率。方法：应用FITC、Texas red标记的X/Y染色体着丝粒部位α卫星重复序列探针，对常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎进行荧光原位杂交（fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH）, 分析其性染色体的异常率和性染色体类型。结果：共分析来自常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎111个。总胚胎固定率为92.80%，胚胎杂交率为95.15%。有杂交信号的常规体外受精后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中，胚胎性染色体二体率为54.35％，单体率为23.91％，嵌合体率为21.74％。有杂交信号的单精子显微注射后单原核受精卵发育来的胚胎中，胚胎性染色体二体率为34.62％，单体率为34.62％，嵌合体率为30.77％。结论：常规体外受精和单精子显微注射周期中来源于单原核受精卵的胚胎有高于正常的性染色体异常率，不利于进行胚胎移植；前者性染色体二体率显著高于后者。     

中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案比较

目的：对中孕期非整倍体染色体异常血清学筛查不同方案的检出率进行探讨。方法选取513名2009年9月~2013年3月在攀枝花市妇幼保健院产科进行常规产前筛查的孕妇血清样本,分别采用化学发光法和时间分辨荧光免疫法对孕妇血清进行二联、三联、四联检查,比较阳性率及假阳性率。结果二联化学发光法检测唐氏综合征(DS)高危假阳性率为9.10豫,三联为7.36豫,四联为6.28豫,假阳性率呈递减趋势(字2=5.119,P约0.05);二联化学发光法筛查18-三体高危假阳性率(0.63豫)低于三联(0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=4.776,P约0.05)。三联时间分辨荧光免疫法筛查DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)较二联(8.93豫、0.61豫)均明显降低(字2=6.992、4.776,P约0.05)。二联化学发光法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率分别为9.10豫、0.63豫,时间分辨荧光免疫法则分别为8.93豫、0.61豫,两种检测方法比较,差异无统计学意义(字2=1.787、0.000,P跃0.05);而三联时间荧光分辨法检测DS、18-三体假阳性率(4.01豫、0.34豫)均低于三联化学发光法(7.36豫、0.82豫),差异有统计学意义(字2=5.382、4.783,P约0.05)。结论化学发光法的检测系统发现筛查效率二联、三联及四联方案呈递增趋势。时间分辨荧光免疫法检测系统发现筛查效率三联高于二联方案,时间荧光分辨法三联筛查优于化学发光法。     

3cm以下直肠癌细胞DNA倍性流式细胞术分析及其临床意义

应用流式细胞术测定了51例直径3cm以下直肠癌石蜡包埋瘤组织细胞DNA倍性。结果表明,Dukes A,B,C三期肿瘤二倍体发生率分别为83％、52％及21％。各期间二倍体瘤发生率差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。非二倍体组直肠癌淋巴结转移阳性率明显高于二倍体癌组(P<0.01)。DNA倍体与组织学分级关系不明显(P>0.05)。二倍体癌病人术后5年及累计生存率均非常显著地高于非二倍体癌者(分别P<0.01)。本组结果提示,DNA倍性分析可为3cm以下直肠癌提供新的预后参数,并对其治疗可能具有较好的指导意义。     

DNA content, Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and loss of E-cadherin expression do not predict risk of malignant transformation in oral lichen planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) may be associated with a small risk of malignant transformation of the oral mucosa. Using cases which had transformed, and those which had not, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of DNA content, expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and of epithelial (E)-cadherin as risk markers in lesions of OLP. We investigated 78 archival biopsies from; (1) 26 OLP patients with at least two biopsies, of whom seven presented OLP with epithelial dysplasia, followed by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in five of them, (2) 19 OLP patients with one biopsy taken. Image cytometry for measurement of DNA content and immunohistochemistry for visualisation of Cox-2 and E-cadherin expression were performed. All OLP biopsies investigated were classified as diploid, one OLP with epithelial dysplasia was tetraploid and all OSCC were diploid. Cox-2 was detected in the epithelium of all OLP specimens investigated, as well as in epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. Focal loss of E-cadherin expression was observed in basal keratinocytes in 88% of the OLP specimens investigated, in all epithelial dysplasias and OSCC. In conclusion, neither aneuploidy, Cox-2 expression, nor loss of E-cadherin expression, were significant reliable markers to select OLP lesions at risk for development of OSCC in the present patient material.     

A boy with true hermaphroditism and sex chromosome mosaicism and a fertile woman with Turner mosaicism in a family with a translocation 8p:19p

In a family with a balanced translocation t(8;19)(p21p13), there was a boy with true hermaphroditism and a karyotype 46, XX/46XY, t(8p;19p), and a woman with Turner mosaicism 46, XX, t(8p;19p)/45, X, t(8p;19p). Both of them had whole body chimerism, which in the boy and possibly also in the woman was due to the occurrence of double fertilization followed by fusion of the zygotes. The pathogenetic importance of the translocation for the development of these aberrations, and the clinical picture in the two patients are discussed.     

高育龄妇女胚胎植入前21号染色体非整倍体检测

目的运用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescent in situ hybridization,FISH)对生育过21三体患儿的高育龄妇女的胚胎进行植入前遗传学诊断,达到优生目的.方法应用FITC标记的21号着丝粒探针对生育过21三体患儿的高育龄妇女的胚胎活检后单个卵裂球进行遗传学检测,选择正常信号或携带者信号核型胚胎进行移植.结果常规单精子显微注射-胚胎移植(intracytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)后获取胚胎4个,活检优质胚胎3个,杂交后每个卵裂球均出现3个21号染色体完整信号,认为3个胚胎均为21三体异常胚胎,故建议放弃移植,从而成功避免了21三体患儿的出生.结论运用21号染色体着丝粒探针荧光原位杂交技术对生育过21三体患儿的高育龄妇女的胚胎进行植入前遗传学诊断是可行的,同时也是必要的,是避免非整倍体患儿出生的重要途径.     

Anatomic Site Based Ploidy Analysis of Oral Premalignant Lesions

The location of oral leukoplakia correlates strongly with the probability of finding dysplastic or malignant alterations at biopsy. It is well established that early detection can dramatically improve the 5-year survival rates for oral squamous cell carcinomas. Since aneuploidy is predictive of future conversion to malignancy, we hypothesized that dysplastic lesions from high-risk sites (floor of mouth, tongue and lips) would exhibit greater aneuploidy than low-risk sites (palate, gingiva and buccal mucosa). Epithelial sections from 60 archival samples diagnosed as mild dysplasia (36 females, 20 males) from various high/low risk locations were stained with Blue Feulgen Stain for DNA Ploidy Analysis (Clarient, Aliso Viejo, CA) and ploidy was analyzed using a ChromaVision ACIS II (Clarient, ALiso Viejo, CA) Image cytometry system. A DNA histogram was generated using an image analyzing software that evaluated the amount of Feulgen stain which is proportional to the amount of nuclear DNA. An ANOVA analysis followed by the Student’s‘t’ test revealed significant differences between means (P ≤ 0.05). Lesions originating from lateral/ventral tongue (85%), floor of mouth (50%) and soft palate (44%) exhibited a higher frequency of aneuploidy than lesions from gingiva (22%) and lower lip (25%). This pilot study demonstrates that dysplastic lesions from high-risk sites such as the floor of the mouth and lateral/ventral tongue have higher frequency of aneuploidy.     

解整合素-金属蛋白酶12在染色体非整倍体筛查中的应用

解整合素-金属蛋白酶12（A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12,ADAM12）是细胞膜表面具备多功能的糖蛋白家族成员之一,具有金属蛋白酶的特性,可以水解类胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白（insulin-like growth factor binding proteins,IGFBP）。妊娠妇女血清中有分泌性/可溶性形式的ADAM12,即ADAM12-S,非妊娠妇女血清中则不存在。妊娠正常胎儿时,ADAM12-S的浓度随妊娠周的增加而升高。ADAM12-S在妊娠妇女血清中浓度的高低有种族差异。ADAM12浓度的高低与妊娠妇女的体质量有关,但与年龄无关。吸烟的妊娠妇女血清中ADAM12浓度低于非吸烟者。在妊娠早期尤其在10周前,妊娠唐氏综合征（DS）患儿妇女的ADAM12浓度明显低于妊娠正常胎儿者,在妊娠中期则高于妊娠正常胎儿者。在早期妊娠18-三体综合征、13-三体综合征、45,X和三倍体胎儿的妇女血清中,ADAM12浓度明显低于妊娠正常胎儿者。ADAM12作为一个新的血清标记物还需进行深入研究。