老年人急性肾功能衰竭32例临床分析

急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)是一组由多种病因引起的临床综合征,表现为肾功能在数日或数周内迅速恶化,是临床危重疾病之一,随着年龄增长,尤其是老年人由于血管硬化,肾功能不同程度减退,更易发生ARF。为探讨其临床特点,本文对1999年至2003年我院收治的老年ARF病例作一回顾性分析,现报道如下。1对象和方法选择我院1999年至2003年住院的101例ARF病人。ARF的诊断标准为:在数小时至数天的短时间内肾小球滤过率较基础值降低50%或血清肌酐(SCr)较基础值上升50%或肾功能急剧减退到需要透析程度[1]。将其分为老年组和中青年组进行分析,老年组32例,男1…     

Pharmacology of KB‐R7943: A Na+–Ca2+ exchange inhibitor

The Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchange (NCX) system plays a pivotal role in regulating intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, kidney and a variety of other cells. It performs a particularly important function in regulating cardiac contractility and electrical activity. One of the leading NCX inhibitors is KB‐R9743 (KBR) that appears to exhibit selectivity for Ca²⁺‐influx‐mode NCX activity (reverse mode of NCX). In this article we reviewed pharmacology of KBR and provide a brief summary of studies with other NCX inhibitors, such as SEA0400 (SEA) and SN‐6 (SN). Potential clinical usefulness of KBR and other NCX inhibitors is still controversial but the reviewed findings may be helpful in designing more selective and clinically useful NCX inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac, neuronal and kidney diseases.     

Guanine nucleotide exchange factors of the cytohesin family and their roles in signal transduction

Summary:  Members of the cytohesin protein family, a group of guanine nucleotide exchange factors for adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor (ARF) guanosine triphosphatases, have recently emerged as important regulators of signal transduction in vertebrate and invertebrate biology. These proteins share a modular domain structure, comprising carboxy-terminal membrane recruitment elements, a Sec7 homology effector domain, and an amino-terminal coiled-coil domain that serve as a platform for their integration into larger signaling complexes. Although these proteins have a highly similar overall build, their individual biological functions appear to be at least partly specific. Cytohesin-1 had been identified as a regulator of β2 integrin inside-out regulation in immune cells and was subsequently shown to be involved in mitogen-associated protein kinase signaling in tumor cell proliferation as well as in T-helper cell activation and differentiation. Cytohesin-3, which had been discovered to be strongly associated with T-cell anergy, was very recently described as an essential component of insulin signal transduction in Drosophila and in human and murine liver cells. Future work will aim to dissect the mechanistic details of the modes of action of the cytohesins as well as to define the precise roles of these versatile proteins in vertebrates at the genetic level.     

体外循环心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭的病因分析

目的：探讨体外循环（ＣＰＢ）心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭（ＡＲＦ）的病因,方法：将３６２例患者按病因分组对比分析。结果：低心排组,ＣＰＢ〉１８０ｍｉｎ组,术前肾功能异常组术后发生ＡＲＦ均高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：术后发生ＡＲＦ最主要的原因是严重的血流动力学障碍所致肾脏灌注压降低,转流时间过长,术前肾功能异常等是重要因素。     

急性肾功能衰竭88例临床分析

探讨了近十年急性肾功能衰竭的病因及预后,分析了急性肾功能衰竭88例临床资料。结果示88例急性肾衰中死亡33例,病死率为37.5％,老年人、多脏器功能衰竭及外科原因的急性肾衰死亡率较高。揭示:急性肾衰的死因主要在于它的原发性疾病的严重性及其在急性期出现的合并症;在急性肾衰的早期尤其是缺血性、中毒性急性衰竭运用多巴胺与速尿治疗有利于改善肾功能及缩短其病程。     

P14ARF基因联合氟尿嘧啶对人结肠癌LOVO细胞的作用

目的观察p14ARF基因转染联合氟尿嘧啶对人结肠癌LOVO细胞的作用.方法采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测转染前后LOVO细胞中p14ARF基因的表达.四唑蓝比色法（MTT法）检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术分析细胞周期,对比在不同浓度的氟尿嘧啶作用下转染前后LOVO细胞的增殖情况.结果LOVO细胞呈现p14ARF基因缺失变异.RT-PCR和Western blot法证实转染后LOVO细胞中有p14ARF基因的表达.p14ARF基因转染后细胞增殖受抑,流式细胞仪显示p14ARF基因诱发凋亡.在氟尿嘧啶0.1 g/mL的作用下,未转染的LOVO细胞的增殖速度未受影响,而转染后LOVO细胞较未用药时的抑制率增加;氟尿嘧啶1、10、100 μg/mL时,对转染前后LOVO细胞均有增殖抑制作用,且呈剂量相关性.氟尿嘧啶对转染后LOVO细胞的抑制率明显高于未转染的LOVO细胞.结论p14ARF基因转染可抑制LOVO细胞增殖.p14ARF基因和氟尿嘧啶联合用于LOVO细胞能够加强氟尿嘧啶的增殖抑制作用,明显提高LOVO细胞对氟尿嘧啶的敏感性.     

Torsemide Versus Furosemide After Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Due to Acute Renal Failure in Cardiac Surgery Patients

Acute renal failure (ARF) usually develops in 5% to 30% of patients undergoing heart surgery and is associated with a more complicated clinical evolution course and with an excessive mortality of up to 80%. The objective of this study was to verify the frequency of ARF in postoperative coronary artery bypass surgery with and without cardiopulmonary bypass, by the evaluation of renal function markers' performance [ plasma creatinine, plasma urea, urinalysis, fractional excretion of sodium, creatinine clearance and Alpha‐glutathione S‐transferase (α‐GST)], besides to verify possible relations between clinical variables involved in postoperative heart surgery and the occurrence of renal insufficiency.     

松花粉对甘油诱导大鼠急性肾衰竭的保护作用

目的：研究松花粉对甘油诱发大鼠急性肾衰竭（acute renal failure,ARF）的保护作用及机制。方法：采用双侧后肢注射50%甘油溶液（10 mL·kg-1）诱发大鼠成急性肾衰竭模型,检测大鼠血清肌酐（Scr）、血清尿素氮（BUN）的含量,肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量,同时测定肾组织中一氧化氮（NO）的含量和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的活性;HE染色观察肾病理组织形态学变化。结果：与空白组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠血清Scr和BUN的含量明显上升,肾组织中SOD的活性和GSH的含量显著降低,MDA的含量显著升高;组织病理检查发现,模型组大鼠肾小管损伤明显,肾皮质细胞部分脱落,肾小球肿胀,间质炎性侵润明显。给予松花粉治疗后,可显著降低ARF大鼠血清Scr和BUN,升高肾组织中SOD的活性、GSH的含量,降低MDA的含量,同时发现,松花粉可明显降低肾组织中NO的含量和iNOS的活性,并显著降低肾组织损伤。结论：松花粉对甘油致大鼠ARF具有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与抑制iNOS的活性,降低体内NO过多产生,降低NO相关的脂质过氧化过程有关。