The So-Called Borderline Patient: Aetiology,Diagnosis, and Treatment

This short paper examines the relationship between borderline psychopathology and various theories regarding the aetiology of this disorder. In the formation of borderline personality organization, distinct structural alterations in personality development are thought to arise from both genetic/neurobiological and environmental/trauma factors. We concur that these variables are instrumental in the formation of borderline personality organization. However, we believe that genetic/neurobiological variables are more closely related to developmental deficits, whereas environmental/trauma factors are primarily associated with either arrested development or regressive phenomenon. Regardless of aetiology, the resultant borderline personality organization disorders may present with comparable symptoms. Further, we hypothesize that the prognosis for response to treatment is related primarily to whether the borderline disorder arises from developmental deficits, arrested development, or regressive phenomena. Diagnostic indicators and treatment considerations for each of the borderline aetiologies are presented.     

动脉置入导管化疗后二期切除治疗晚期直肠癌

目的探讨晚期直肠癌动脉栓塞化疗后二期切除的远期疗效。方法对９６例不能手术根治切除的晚期直肠癌行髂内动脉、直肠上动脉置管栓塞化疗,对其中部分缓解且无远处或局部广泛转移的３１例进行二期切除。结果获随访２９例,死亡８例,２１例健在,其中无癌生存１６例,１,３,５年生存率（寿命表法）分别为９３０％,７８０％,７０８％。结论髂内动脉、直肠上动脉置管栓塞化疗后二期切除晚期直肠癌,提高了根治性切除率和远期疗效。     

一氧化氮在胃癌进展中的作用

目的探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在胃癌发病过程中的作用。方法４２例经胃镜活检、病理检查证实为胃癌,采用地高辛标记的诱导型一氧化氮合酶（ｉＮＯＳ）ｍＲＮＡ探针经原位杂交显示细胞内的ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ的表达情况,并与癌周组织及浅表胃炎组织比较。结果在４２例胃癌患者,ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ信号强阳性（＋＋＋）１１例,中度阳性（＋＋）１４例,低度阳性（＋）１３例,可疑阳性（±）３例,阴性（－）１例;在癌周组织多为（±）或（－）;与浅表性胃炎相比,差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论大多数胃癌患者的癌细胞内ｉＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达阳性,提示胃癌细胞自身能产生一氧化氮     

局部切除术治疗十二指肠乳头肿瘤

目的　探讨十二指肠乳头肿瘤的诊断及采取局切除的可行性及合理性。方法　回顾性分析近 9年来行局部切除治疗的 12例十二指肠乳头肿瘤患者临床资料。结果　 10 0 %以黄疸为主要症状 ,常伴有上腹隐痛不适。术前十二指肠镜活检对十二指肠乳头肿瘤的阳性诊断符合率为 75 .0 %。全无手术死亡。 83 .3 %的病例获随访 1～ 5年 ,良性肿瘤 5例术后均恢复原工作 ,T1 期高分化腺癌 4例术后存活至今 ,分别达 62 ,3 1,84,3 6个月。结论　十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术对于良性乳头肿瘤及T1 期高分化腺癌 ,是一种安全、有效、合理术式的选择 ,但术中严格要求完整切除 ,边缘无瘤残留。     

II,III期乳腺癌行根治术与扩大根治术的疗效评价:附691例报告

目的　探讨乳腺癌根治术与扩大根治术治疗II ,III期乳腺癌的疗效。方法　回顾性分析691例II ,III期乳腺癌的两种手术方法治疗后的 5年和 10年生存率。 691例乳腺癌中II期行根治术 2 0 6例 ,行扩大根治术 14 2例 ;III期行根治术 193例 ,行扩大根治术 15 0例。结果　癌灶位于中央区及内乳区行扩大根治术的II ,III期患者的 5年生存率和III期的 10年生存率显著高于根治术患者 (均P <0 .0 1)。癌灶位于外上象限行扩大根治术的II ,III期患者 10年生存率和III期患者的 5年生存率亦显著高于根治术患者 (均 P <0 .0 5 )。结论　提示II ,III期乳腺癌病灶位于中央区及内乳区的患者、位于外上象限的III期患者应考虑行扩大根治术。     

Back Pain-Inducing Test,a Novel and Sensitive Screening Test for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Prospective Clinical Study

To detect painful vertebral fractures (VFs) in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis, we designed a physical examination test (the Back Pain-Inducing Test [BPIT]) that included three movements: lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up. If back pain is induced during any of these movements, the result is defined as positive, thereby establishing a presumptive diagnosis of painful VFs. Pain severity is quantified using a self-reported numerical rating scale (NRS). The presence or absence of painful VFs is verified by whole-spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the gold standard for final diagnosis. According to the standards for reporting diagnostic accuracy, a real-world, prospective, and observational study was performed on 510 back pain patients (enrolled from a single institute) at risk of osteoporosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BPIT for identifying painful VFs were 99.1% (95% CI, 97.5% to 99.8%), 67.9% (95% CI, 60.4% to 74.5%), and 89.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 86.6% (95% CI, 82.9% to 89.6%) and 97.4% (95% CI, 92.6% to 99.3%), respectively. Cutoff NRS scores for lying supine, rolling over, and sitting up were 3, 0, and 2, respectively. The corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of each movement was 0.898 (95% CI, 0.868 to 0.922), 0.884 (95% CI, 0.854 to 0.911), and 0.910 (95% CI, 0.882 to 0.933), respectively. Although the high prevalence of VFs in the enrolled cohort partially limits the external validity of the predictive value in the general population, we conclude that the BPIT is potentially effective for detecting painful VFs in back pain populations at risk of osteoporosis. This test may be used as a stratification tool in decision-making on subsequent imaging procedures: a negative BPIT rules out painful VFs and indicates that an MRI should be spared, whereas a positive BPIT means that an MRI is necessary and is likely to identify painful VFs. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.     

Outcome of extracranial cervicocephalic arterial dissections: A follow-up study

Abstract

Cervicocephalic arterial dissections (CCAD) are an increasingly recognized cause of ischemic stroke in young adults. Various treatments have been suggested but no controlled trial has ever been performed. Medical treatment has included anticoagulant or platelet antiaggregant therapy. Surgical correction has been proposed for selected patients who have failed medical therapy. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stenting have been increasingly used in some patients, although long-term results are unknown. The objective of the study was to review our recent experience with the management and outcome of extracranial CCAD. We identified 27 patients with extracranial CCAD who were evaluated, treated and/or followed by our Stroke Service from September 1995 to August 2001. Clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management, and outcome were reviewed. There were 15 men (56%) and 12 women (44%) with mean ages of 38 and 43 years respectively. Diagnosis was made by cerebral angiography in 15 (56%) patients and by MRI/ MRA only in 12 (44%) patients. Twenty-two patients had spontaneous and five had traumatic extracranial CCAD. Most common associated disorders were arterial hypertension (37%) and migraine (26%). One patient presented only with a painful post-ganglionic Horner syndrome, another patient with neck pain and post-ganglionic Horner syndrome, another patient solely with protracted unilateral headaches, three with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), and 21 with ischemic strokes. The internal carotid artery (ICA) was the most frequently involved vessel (63%), followed by the vertebral artery (30%), and multivessel involvement in two patients (7%). Eighteen patients received anticoagulant therapy and nine platelet anti-aggregants. Follow-up extended from 2 to 115 months, with a mean of 58 months. At the end of follow-up, 23 (85%) patients had either no disability or only minor sequelae (modified Rankin score: 0 to 1), and four (15%) patients had moderate limitations (modified Rankin score: 2 to 3). Two patients had a recurrent ischemic stroke, one unrelated to recurrent CCAD, and the other following percutaneous balloon angioplasty/stenting for treatment of a persistent vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm. Most CCAD involved the extracranial ICA. The clinical presentation is variable, most patients having an ischemic stroke or TIAs. The short- and long-term outcome are usually favorable with either anticoagulant or platelet antiaggregant therapy. A medical initial approach to the management of extracranial CCAD is recommended for most patients. [Neurol Res 2002; 24: 395-398]     

多脏器联合切除术治疗进展期胃癌

目的评估多脏器联合切除术治疗进展期胃癌的临床效果。方法对１９９２～１９９５年我院采用多脏器联合切除术治疗的２５例Ⅲ,Ⅳ期胃癌的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果多脏器联合切除术安全可行,２５例中无手术死亡;生存期均超过１０个月,中位生存期２２个月。结论多脏器联合切除术治疗进展期胃癌是安全可行的,有助于延长生存期,改善生存质量