新生儿股骨骨折垂直悬吊牵引合并器械相关性压力性损伤1例护理

正新生儿股骨骨折是一种罕见的骨折类型,其发生率不足存活新生儿的0.13‰[1-3],臀位难产、巨大儿和急产是其主要诱发因素[4-6]。新生儿股骨骨折以Bryant牵引、石膏或夹板固定等传统治疗方法为主[7]。其中,Bryant牵引,又称垂直悬吊牵引,是目前较为常见的新生儿股骨骨折的治疗方式,需借助医疗器械,治疗期间要密切观察患儿足部皮肤及血液循环情况,及时发现     

异常分娩中臀位助产术的临床应用研究

目的研究臀位助产术在异常分娩中的临床应用效果、方式及相关注意事项。方法 160例胎儿臀位异常产妇,根据产科医师评估建议结合产妇及其家属意愿分为剖宫产组(82例)、臀位助产组(52例)和臀位牵引组(26例)。剖宫产组选择剖宫产,臀位助产组选择臀位助产术,臀位牵引组选择臀位牵引方式助产术。观察比较三组胎儿体重、并发症及死亡发生情况;产妇产后住院时间以及并发症发生情况。结果臀位助产组及臀位牵引组胎儿体重分别为(2.88±0.32)、(2.91±0.24)kg,均明显轻于剖宫产组的(3.45±0.56)kg,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。臀位助产组、臀位牵引组胎儿并发症发生率分别为48.08%、61.54%,均明显高于剖宫产组的12.20%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。臀位助产组、剖宫产组胎儿死亡率分别为1.92%、0,均显著低于臀位牵引组的15.38%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。臀位助产组产妇产后住院时间(4.51±0.54)d显著短于臀位牵引组的(5.02±0.58)d、剖宫产组的(7.54±1.06)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);臀位牵引组产妇产后住院时间显著短于剖宫产组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。臀位助产组产妇并发症发生率15.38%显著低于臀位牵引组的65.38%和剖宫产组的30.49%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);剖宫产组产妇并发症发生率显著低于臀位牵拉组,差异具有统计学意义(P5<0.05)。结论臀位助产术应用于异常分娩中不会对产妇造成较大的手术伤害,产妇产后并发症较少,恢复快,但臀位助产术可使胎儿并发症发生率较高,且仅适用于体重较小的胎儿,临床应用前必须预先进行充分评估,并做好充分的准备。     

坚固内固定术联合牵引复位固定术治疗口腔颌面部创伤性骨折的效果及并发症观察

面部骨折种类繁多,其中口腔颌面部创伤性骨折为最普遍类型,本病患者受伤部位为脸部,影响其生活质量和身心健康[1]。目前临床治疗口腔颌面部创伤性骨折主要采用坚固内固定术,但其有稳定性差、易发生二次骨折等不足[2]。在治疗颌面部骨折时需掌握其治疗原则与正确方法,不可完全依赖内固定而忽视必要的颌间牵引[3],因此牵引复位在坚固内固定术中也有重要辅助作用。因此本文主要分析坚固内固定术+牵引复位固定术对口腔颌面部创伤性骨折的治疗效果及安全性,结果如下。     

一种新型悬吊牵引装置在肘关节松解术后促进快优康复的影响分析

目的：探讨一种新型悬吊牵引装置在肘关节松解术后促进康复的疗效及意义。方法：将97例肘关节松解术患者根据住院尾号单双数随机分为术后使用悬吊牵引装置组及传统模式组。术后24h、72h、出院当天分别比较两组患肢肿胀情况，术后72h、出院当天、1个月、6个月分别比较两组患者肘关节屈伸活动度，术后1个月、3个月、6个月分别比较两组患者肘关节Mayo评分及生活质量评分。结果：两组患者术后72h和出院当天肿胀程度有显著性差异，两组患者出院当天、术后1个月肘关节屈伸活动度有差异，术后6个月时活动度无差异。两组患者术后1个月时mayo评分及生活质量评分有显著性差异，术后3个月时Mayo评分仍存在差异，术后6个月时Mayo评分及生活质量评分均无显著性差异。结论：今后对于肘关节松解术患者的临床护理中，可在术后为患者常规采用新型悬吊牵引装置，促进消肿，缓解疼痛，从而减少患者痛苦，短时间内增加肘关节屈伸活动范围，提高功能锻炼效果，达到快优康复的目的。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

骨盆直肠间隙脓肿致直肠穿孔1例

患者男,54岁,肛周肿痛12d,加重伴发热、肛门坠胀、排便困难3d入院。查体:T:39.20℃,P110次/min,截石位肛周红肿明显,以右侧为甚,触痛,肤温较高,无明显波动感,肛口稍变形,向左侧偏移,指检见有大量脓性分泌物自肛内流出,扪及610点位直肠内巨大包块,触痛明显,有波动感,加压时见有脓液溢出,肛门括约功能差。急查血常规:WBCl8.6X109/L,NEUT0.892。诊断为:肛周脓肿。当日在腰俞穴麻醉下行一期切开引流术,术中消毒肛内时见大量金黄色脓液流出,9点位肛周5cm处切口,可见大量脓液,右食指探入深约8cm处直肠右壁一溃口,左食指自切口探入与肛内相通,…     

60岁以上股骨颈基底部骨折牵引治疗38例

目的:观察牵引治疗股骨颈基底部骨折的疗效。方法:38例60岁以上股骨颈基底部骨折患者用皮肤牵引或骨牵引治疗,与手术组60岁以上患者42例比较。结果:皮肤或骨牵引治疗的治愈率为92.2%,手术治疗的治愈率为95.2%,两者差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折愈合的关键是正确的复位。中西医结合治疗可增加愈合率。牵引治疗要注意方向、力度和制动原则。