Compound soft regenerated skull material for repairing dog skull defects using bone morphogenetic protein as an inductor and nanohydroxyapatite as a scaffold**

BACKGROUND：In previous studies of skull defects and regeneration, bone morphogenetic protein as an inductor and nanohydroxyapatite as a scaffold have been cocultured with osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE： To verify the characteristics of the new skull regenerated material after compound soft regenerated skull material implantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The self-control and inter-group control animal experiment was performed at the Sun Yat-sen University, China from February to July 2007. MATERIALS： Twenty-four healthy adult dogs of both genders weighing 15–20 kg were used in this study. Nanohydroxyapatite as a scaffold was cocultured with osteoblasts. Using demineralized canine bone matrix as a carrier, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 was employed to prepare compound soft regenerated skull material. Self-designed compound soft regenerated skull material was implanted in models of skull defects. METHODS： Animals were randomly assigned into two groups, Group A （n = 16） and Group B （n = 8）. Bilateral 2.5-cm-diameter full-thickness parietal skull defects were made in all animals. In Group A, the right side was reconstructed with calcium alginate gel, osteoblasts, and nanometer bone meal composite; the left side was reconstructed with calcium alginate gel, osteoblasts, nanometer bone meal and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite. In Group B, the right side was kept as a simple skull defect, and the left side was reconstructed with calcium alginate gel, osteoblasts, nanometer bone meal and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Bone regeneration and histopathological changes at the site of the skull defect were observed with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope after surgery. The ability to form bone was measured by alizarin red S staining. In vitro cultured osteoblasts were observed for morphology. RESULTS： One month following surgery, newly formed bone trabeculae mostly covered the broken ends of the fr     

论人类文明与龋齿的不懈斗争

论人类文明与龋齿的不懈斗争安徽省宣州市人民医院殷世和，姚剑琴龋齿是一种古老的生物社会性疾病。据考古学家的发掘考证，龋齿沿袭至今有５０万年之久（如北京猿人龋齿化石），几与人类的产生而并存。它经历了远古原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会和现代的文明社会。根据已...     

Primary diffuse intraosseous meningioma

Primary intraosseous meningiomas are a subset of primary extradural meningiomas that arise in bones,and represent about two thirds of primary extradural meningiomas.1 Here we present a case of primary intraosseous meningioma with diffuse and symmetrical invasion of skull and scalp,which was preoperatively diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia.We described the clinical and radiological characteristics,discussed the potential pathogenesis of the diffuse lesion,and presented surgical management. A 32-year-old man was referred for neurosurgical consultation due to an 8-year history of painless,slowly growing huge scalp mass.The patient denied any past surgical history and head trauma.The patient did not present any neurological deficts.Computed tomography (CT) scans (Figure 1A and 1B) revealed diffuse thickening of the cranial vault,especially in the bilateral frontal-temporal-parietal bone.     

Size variation of Chinese craniums and mandibles in Holocene

目的:对比分析中国新石器时代以来头骨、下颌骨尺寸的微观演化.方法:用直脚规、弯脚规对中国新石器时代、青铜铁器时代和近代共502例头骨/下颌骨标本进行测量,然后用SPSS 13.0软件进行数据分析.结果:头骨、下颌骨大体尺寸的变化都主要发生在青铜铁器一近代.从新石器时代到近代,下颌骨表现为整齐的趋向于缩小,而头骨部分项目不变、部分增大、部分缩小,变化规律不如下颌骨那样整齐和明显,且头骨变化幅度和比例小于下颌骨.结论:近7000年来中国全新世人群的头骨、下颌骨都在进化,男女性变化基本一致.各种原因导致的头颅的变化在下颌骨上的表现更明显,头骨、下颌骨在全新世的体质特征演化不平衡,全新世头面部可能趋向于“瓜子脸”.     

豹骨头骨及其混伪品头骨的聚类分析

本文应用聚类分析法对豹骨头骨及其混伪进行分类定种研究。该法比性状鉴别更具客观性和量化可比性。     

Sandwich-like Reconstruction of Anterior Skull Base Defects

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of new modality of anterior skull base repair,namely sandwich-like reconstruction of anterior skull base defects. Methods : A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent wanscranial or wanscranial-facial resections of malignant or benign aggressive tumors involving the anterior skull base was conducted in our department. We used the sandwich-like reconstruction, using pedicled pericranial flap, frontal muscle flap and free abdominal adipose tissue between them, to separate of cranial cavity and aerodigest tract and keep the frontal lobes in place following resections of anterior skull base tumors. Results: From October, 1984 to October, 1998, 116 patients underwent tmnscranial or tmnscranial-facial approach for the resection of malignant or aggressive benign tumor, and sandwich-like repairs were performed for the anterior skull base defect.54 (46.6%) patients had previous operation, with a maximum of 5 surgeries. The average age of patients was 35.9 years old, ranging form 6 to 73 years old. Forty-eight (41.4%) patients had malignant neoplasmas, and sixty-eight (58.6%) patients had benign aggressive tumors. In our series, with the maximal follow-ups for as long as 14 years, NO one had early failure of the one-stage reconstruction. CSF fluid leakage was not encountered, nor was ascending bacterial meningitis observed. No immediate or delayed prolapse of dura or frontal lobes was observed. Conclusion: We conclude that the sandwich-like reconstruction, using pericranial flap, frontal muscle flap and free abdominal adipose between them, is an extremely safe and effective procedure for the repair of skull base defect, even when tumor extensively involves anterior skull base.     

现代人头骨颧骨区测量性状的人类学美学研究

目的：描述汉族人群现代人头骨颧骨复合体区的几项测量性状。方法：利用人类学测量方法,对108个颅骨样本的颧骨复合体区进行人类学测量。结果：颧骨的相对突度（mp—po）和颧骨下缘的相对突度（zm-ms）,男性比女性突出更明显。颧弓对于维持面中份的宽度、高度和突度具有重要的意义。男女各项结果除颧上颌角P〉0．05外,其余各项测量角度均是P〈0．05,有显著性差异;鼻颧角反映颧骨相对额骨的突度,男性小于女性（P〈0．05）,二者有显著性差异。结论：颧骨外形高点相对位置男女存在显著性差异;男性颧弓向前外突出,面宽明显大于女性。颧骨的相对突度（mp—po）和颧骨下缘的相对突度（zm—ms）,男性比女性突出更明显。女性颧骨的上半部分比男性突出;男性上颌部分比女性突出。     

三种豹骨头骨及其伪品的鉴别研究

 本文对金钱约、云豹、雪豹、猞猁、原猫、豹猫等的头骨形态进行了详细的比较鉴别研究，并列出检索表和附图。