老年慢性支气管炎合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭采用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗的效果及安全性观察

目的:探讨无创-有创序贯机械通气治疗老年慢性支气管炎合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法:随机将2014年1月～2017年3月收治的74例老年慢性支气管炎合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者分为两组,A组采用有创机械通气治疗,B组采用有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:B组治疗后的呼吸频率、SaO_2、PaCO_2、PaO_2、有创通气时间、总通气时间、住院时间、再插管率、VAP率与院内死亡率明显少于A组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有创-无创序贯机械通气治疗老年慢性支气管炎合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭,能有效改善患者的呼吸通气功能,缩短其治疗及住院时间,且治疗安全,更适合用于临床推广。     

彩色多普勒超声联合无创DNA检测在诊断高危产妇胎儿染色体异常中的应用价值分析

目的研究分析彩色多普勒超声联合无创DNA检测在诊断高危产妇胎儿染色体异常中的应用价值。方法选取2016年1月-2017年6月在该院接受胎儿染色体异常筛查的2 048例高危产妇作为研究对象,所有参与研究的产妇均接受彩色多普勒超声、无创DNA检测;将羊水穿刺检测结果或是分娩结局(新生儿娩出后儿科医生检查结果)视作诊断胎儿染色体异常的"金标准",对比彩色多普勒超声、无创DNA单独检测与联合检测的敏感度、特异度及准确度。结果超声检测高危产妇胎儿染色体异常的阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是22.9%、98.5%,无创DNA检测高危产妇胎儿染色体异常的阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是41.0%、99.0%,联合检测高危产妇胎儿染色体异常的阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是76.7%、99.7%;联合检测的敏感度、特异度、准确度(94.7%、98.6%、98.4%)均高于彩色多普勒超声(71.3%、88.4%、87.6%)、无创DNA单独检测(79.8%、94.5%、93.8%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声联合无创DNA检测在诊断高危产妇胎儿染色体异常中应用价值高,能有效降低误诊、漏诊风险,提高高危产妇胎儿染色体异常筛查准确度,为临床诊治提供参考,值得临床推广。     

不同方式修复末节指皮肤缺损疗效分析

目的探讨不同方式修复末节指皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法对171例226指末节皮肤缺损进行修复:应用创必复联合海肤康护创指套修复53指,V-Y皮瓣修复43指,邻指皮瓣修复22指,指动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复30指,指背筋膜蒂逆行皮瓣修复57指,拇背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复21指。结果 171例均获随访,时间1.5个月~2年。226指末节皮肤缺损全部愈合(其中3例皮瓣受区感染经换药等处理后治愈)。创必复海肤康指套治疗者指腹饱满,外观满意;皮瓣修复者质地和颜色与受区相近,感觉恢复良好,功能满意。结论末节指皮肤缺损目前有很多修复方式供选择,临床上要根据受伤末节指具体情况及患者要求灵活选用合适的、操作简单的修复方法,最大限度地恢复手指功能。     

重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患儿的临床治疗及VAP感染病原菌与危险因素分析

目的分析无创持续正压通气(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure,CPAP)与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭患儿的临床疗效及呼吸机相关性肺炎(Ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)感染病原菌与危险因素。方法将2014年11月-2017年12月因重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭疾病于医院进行治疗的130例患儿作为研究对象。将所有研究对象均分为试验组与对照组行组间对比研究,其中对照组主要采用鼻导管吸氧治疗;试验组采用无创CPAP与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗。对比两组临床疗效、VAP感染情况的差异,并分析影响VAP感染发生的主要因素。结果试验组患儿疗效优于对照组患儿(P<0.05);治疗后,两组PaO2、SaO2水平均较治疗前升高,PaCO2则较治疗前降低,且试验组改变程度优于对照组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析结果显示:危重病例评分、机械通气时间、原发肺部疾病、头部位置、胃内容物吸入、鼻饲、受体拮抗剂使用、丙种球蛋白使用为VAP发生的主要影响因素(P<0.05);VAP感染病原菌主要以革兰阴性菌为主,共10株。结论临床中针对重症肺炎伴呼吸衰竭采用无创CPAP与呼吸机持续气道正压治疗可有效改善患儿多项临床症状,疗效显著。而针对VAP危险因素分析可为后续治疗、预防方案的制定提供数据支持。     

氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系

目的探讨氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后的关系。方法选取2008年1月至2012年10月山东省即墨市人民医院行有创通气治疗急性呼吸衰竭患者75例,其中死亡28例,设为死亡组,存活47例,设为存活组;比较两组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理与慢性健康状况(APACHE)Ⅲ评分、多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分,治疗1、3、7 d后氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)及p H值等血气分析指标水平。结果存活组和死亡组患者行有创通气治疗前急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅲ(APACHEⅢ)评分和多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);存活组和死亡组患者治疗1 d后Pa O2/Fi O2、Pa CO2及p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa CO2和p H水平组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但死亡组患者治疗3、7 d后Pa O2/Fi O2水平明显低于存活组(P<0.05);存活组和死亡组在治疗后不同时间(1、3、7 d)的Pa O2/Fi O2和Pa CO2比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氧合指数与急性呼吸衰竭行有创通气治疗患者预后关系密切,可作为临床评价重要参考指标之一。     

外周血免疫细胞在NAFLD疾病进展中的诊断价值

近日,范建高教授应《柳叶刀》旗下子刊EBioMedicine(影响因子8.413分)编辑部邀请,与博士生林双喆在线发表综述:Peripheral immune cells in NAFLD patients:A spyhole to disease progression,EBioMedicine 2021 doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103768,系统分析非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)及其不同临床病理类型亚组患者循环外周血液各种免疫细胞的特征性变化,并探讨了外周血免疫细胞变化用于无创诊断与评估NAFLD的严重类型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的潜在价值。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.