Importancia de algunos aspectos técnicos del procedimiento de estimulación percutánea del nervio tibial posterior en pacientes con incontinencia fecal

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Comparison of screw fixation versus non-fixation in dorsal opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy of adult acquired flatfoot

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the radiographic and functional results between fixation and non-fixation in the Cotton osteotomy for the treatment of adult acquired flatfoot.MethodsA retrospective, case-controlled study of consecutive stage IIB posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) patients treated with the same bony reconstructive surgery including cotton osteotomy between 2013 and 2017. Meary’s angle, the medial arch sag angle (MASA), and medial cuneiform cobb angle (MCCA) were evaluated pre-operation, at first weight bearing after surgery, and 12 months post operation.ResultsForty feet were included in the study. The cotton osteotomy utilized screw fixation (n = 20) or non-fixation technique (n = 20). No significant differences between groups were found in pre-operative and follow-up radiographic parameters, union rate, and functional results.ConclusionThe non-fixation with press fit technique is a reliable procedure for Cotton osteotomy and as effective as screw fixation.Level of evidenceLevel III, case control study     

Efficacy of percutaneous and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in women with idiopathic overactive bladder: A prospective randomised controlled trial

BackgroundDifferent studies have reported the efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) in treating idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB). However, no study has compared the effectiveness of PTNS and TTNS added to bladder training (BT) in idiopathic OAB.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of PTNS and TTNS added to BT in women with idiopathic OAB.MethodsWe randomised 60 women with idiopathic OAB into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 19) received BT, Group 2 (n = 19) received PTNS in addition to BT, and Group 3 (n = 20) received TTNS in addition to BT. PTNS and TTNS were performed 2 days a week, for 30 min a day, for a total of 12 sessions for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated by incontinence severity (pad test), a 3-day voiding diary (frequency of voiding, incontinence episodes, nocturia and number of pads used), symptom severity, quality of life, treatment success (positive response rate), treatment satisfaction (Likert scale), discomfort level and preparation time for stimulation (sec).ResultsAt the end of treatment; severity of incontinence, frequency of voiding, incontinence episodes, nocturia, number of pads used, symptom severity and quality of life were significantly improved in Groups 2 and 3 versus Group 1 (P < 0.0167). Treatment success and treatment satisfaction were higher in Groups 2 and 3 than Group 1 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0167, respectively). Level of discomfort was lower, treatment satisfaction was higher and preparation time for stimulation was shorter in Group 3 than Group 2 (P < 0.05).ConclusionBoth the PTNS plus BT and TTNS plus BT were more effective than BT alone in women with idiopathic OAB. These 2 tibial nerve stimulation methods had similar clinical efficacy but with slight differences: TTNS had shorter preparation time, less discomfort level and higher patient satisfaction than PTNS.     

改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距的可行性分析

目的 探讨改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟（tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove，TT-TG）间距的可行性。 方法 选取髌骨不稳患者30例。高年资手术医师A、B，使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距，对比高资年影像学医师C，使用双图法测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距。应用Cronbach′s alpha系数评价结果的可信度。应用组内相关系数（intraclass correlation coefficient，ICC）评价结果的可重复性。使用Bland-Altman分析图评价结果的一致性。 结果 高年资手术医师A、B使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距分别和高年资影像学医师C使用双图法测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距比较，Cronbach′s alpha系数分别为0.913和0.959，组内相关系数分别为0.913和0.958。Bland-Altman分析图显示，TT-TG间距差值（mm）的均值为-0.276（95%CI：-3.526~2.974）和0.143（95%CI：-3.110~3.397）。A、B医师之间使用改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距比较，Cronbach′s alpha系数为0.891，组内相关系数为0.891。Bland-Altman分析图显示TT-TG间距差值（mm）的均值为-0.276（95%CI：-3.526~2.974）。 结论 改良单图像法手工测量髌骨不稳患者TT-TG间距操作简单，可以准确测量出髌骨不稳患者的TT-TG间距，该方法和双图法可以相互替换使用。     

胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例

目的探讨胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2018年4月至2019年6月采用胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例的资料,其中男11例,女8例;年龄为21~75岁,平均39岁。根据前踝上穿支皮瓣解剖学基础,按照足踝部软组织缺损大小和形状,在小腿下端前外侧设计并切取皮瓣转位修复创面。切取胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣面积为6.0 cm×5.0 cm^14.0 cm×8.0 cm,均为带蒂皮瓣转位。根据皮瓣成活、感染控制、弹性色泽、外观形态、供区瘢痕、皮肤感觉、患者认可等情况,对患者足踝部软组织缺损的修复情况进行综合评价。结果本组19例皮瓣全部成活,软组织缺损、肌腱、骨质及钢板外露均得以修复。供区均I期愈合。术后门诊随访2~16个月,皮瓣血运良好,颜色接近周围正常皮肤,臃肿不明显,患者对外观表示满意;供区皮片愈合良好,无明显增生、挛缩及溃疡,踝关节功能良好。结论胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣是修复足踝部软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一,手术操作简便,穿支较恒定,血供可靠,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve

Our group have studied a patient affected by a malignant schwannoma in the posterior tibial nerve. Schwannomas are uncommon neoplasms that originate from the Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves: the most common forms are benign. Malignant transformation is rarer. The therapy is surgical and the operation undertaken, if possible, should be the amputation. Alternatively, where amputation is not possible due to the specific localisation or due to patient refusal, the alternative must be the largest and most radical excision possible.     

Topography of median eminence somatostatinergic innervation

Somatostatin (SRIF) in the central nervous system is mostly concentrated in the median eminence (ME). Immunocytochemical methods have revealed high densities of SRIF-positive perikarya between the preoptic area and the periventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (NPE). The aim of the present study was to define more precisely the specific pathways of SRIF neurons from NPE to the ME. SRIF levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, following various hypothalamic transections. Frontal periventricular sections decreased SRIF-ME content by 70% (P less than 0.01), when located at the anterior end of the ME but no diminution was observed when the cuts were located anteriorly or posteriorly. Parasaggital transections decreased SRIF-ME levels by 50% (P less than 0.05) when located at the outer border of the ventromedial and premammillary nucleus, but the decrease was not significant when cuts were located anteriorly. Taken together, our data indicate that most SRIF-containing neurons, originating in the NPE, do not reach the ME directly along the border of the 3rd ventricle; instead they form a loop across the medial forebrain bundle before re-entering the mediobasal hypothalamus at the ME level.     

关节镜下可吸收性半月板箭治疗半月板损伤的初步报告

目的关节镜下应用可吸收性半月板箭治疗半月板损伤并评价其近期疗效。方法2002年2～10月,关节镜下采用半月板箭缝合固定12例12侧半月板损伤,男5例,女7例;年龄18～58岁,平均33.2岁。左膝4例,右膝8例。内侧半月板损伤4例,外侧半月板损伤8例;前角损伤2例,体部损伤3例,后角损伤7例。红区损伤10例,红-白区损伤2例。病程3d～5个月,平均2.3个月,其中急性损伤(病程<1个月)9例。关节镜下采用新型全内半月板箭技术固定,共使用25枚半月板箭(平均每例2.1枚)。5例同时施行其它类型手术。结果所有病例术后均无早期并发症发生。全部患者均获得随访,随访时间7～13个月,平均10.2个月。随访时所有患者膝关节稳定,无疼痛、绞锁等症状,6周后关节活动度全面恢复。Lysholm评分由术前的平均(45.6±13.4)分增加到术后平均(82.4±16.3)分,差异有显著性(P< 0.05)。2例分别于术后8个月和9个月出现关节积液,考虑为滑膜炎,经治疗后消失。结论对于半月板损伤,如撕裂类型和部位适当,可选择可吸收性半月板箭治疗。半月板箭技术是一种简便快捷、安全有效的半月板缝合方法。     

GIEBEL系统在胫骨高位截骨术中的应用

[目的]探讨GIEBEL内固定系统固定的胫骨高位截骨术治疗膝内翻畸形的效果。[方法]对19例31膝,平均53.5岁的膝内翻患者进行评价。术前内翻畸形平均12.29°;膝关节症状以内侧间室疼痛为主。不伴有其他关节间室病变。对患膝进行精确的胫骨高位截骨术后应用GIEBEL系统内固定截骨端。手术前后拍摄双下肢负重位全长X线片,测量内翻角、机械轴线和解剖轴线。记录内外侧关节间隙距离的差值以及关节活动度。同时进行Lysholm评分。术后对患者进行主观满意度调查。[结果]对19例患者平均随访22个月。术后1例腓总神经一过性麻痹,2例切口脂肪液化延迟愈合。截骨处至术后12~16周均骨性愈合。测量矫正角度平均12.32°。3例患者残留膝前疼痛和关节绞锁症状。在随访期间膝内外侧间隙无明显退变加重。手术效果优良率为89.5%。84.2%患者对手术效果表示满意。除膝关节活动度外,Lysholm评分、内外关节间隙差以及内翻角度在手术前后差异均有统计学显著性差异。[结论]GIEBEL系统可有效地固定胫骨高位截骨术截骨端,对轻中度膝关节内翻畸形患者固定强度大,骨愈合率高。