脑健冲剂对AD模型大鼠行为学及线粒体结构影响的实验研究

目的：研究脑健冲剂对AD模型大鼠行为学及线粒体超微结构的影响。方法：采用D-半乳糖致衰老与β-淀粉样蛋白注射联合所致的AD大鼠模型，服用脑健冲剂，测试大鼠在迷宫中的学习及记忆能力和海马CAl区线粒体体密度、面数密度等形态学指标。结果：脑健冲剂能有效的改善AD模型大鼠的学习、记忆障碍，并能很好地改善线粒体结构的受损程度。结论：脑健冲剂对AD有较明显的治疗作用，为临床应用脑健冲剂治疗AD提供实验依据。     

太空发育鸡胚的前庭感受器细胞形态学研究

为了探讨太空微重力对鸡胚前庭感觉上皮细胞的形态发育的影响 ,选取在航天飞机 (STS-2 9)发育鸡胚和地面发育鸡胚各两只 ,利用计算机显微测量技术分别测量椭圆囊和球囊的毛细胞、支持细胞核的切面面积、周长、形状系数。太空发育鸡胚的球囊支持细胞核的切面面积、周长显著大于地面组 ,形状系数无差异 ;太空发育鸡胚的椭圆囊支持细胞核的切面面积、周长、形状系数以及椭圆囊和球囊毛细胞的切面面积、周长与地面发育鸡胚相比无明显差异。微重力可能对球囊支持细胞核的体积发育有影响 ,对椭圆囊和球囊的毛细胞以及椭圆囊支持细胞核的形态发育无影响。     

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Delivering Medical News Using a Simulated Physician–Patient Scenario

We examined the acute stress response associated with having to deliver either bad or good medical news using a simulated physician–patient scenario. Twenty-five healthy medical students were randomly assigned to a bad medical news (BN), a good medical news (GN), or a control group that read magazines during the session. Self-report measures were obtained before and after the task. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured throughout the task period. Four blood samples were obtained across the task period. The BN and GN tasks produced significant increases in self-reported distress and cardiovascular responses compared with the control group. There was also a significant increase in natural killer cell function 10 min into the task in the BN group compared with the control group. The BN task was also somewhat more stressful than the GN task, as shown by the self-report and cardiovascular data. These findings suggest that a simulated physician–patient scenario produces an acute stress response in the physician, with the delivery of bad medical news more stressful than the delivery of good medical news.     

白屈菜红碱2种脂质体的制备和口服生物利用度比较

目的 制备白屈菜红碱脂质体（chelerythrine liposomes,Che-Lip）和聚乙二醇修饰白屈菜红碱脂质体（PEGylated chelerythrine liposomes,PEG-Che-Lip）,考察其体外释药和体内口服药动学行为。方法 薄膜超声法制备Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip。单因素考察结合Box-Behnken响应面法优化Che-Lip处方,引入二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇2000（DSPE-mPEG2000）制备PEG-Che-Lip。比较Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip在模拟胃肠液中溶解度、稳定性和体外释药情况。按20 mg/kg ig给药（以白屈菜红碱计）,测定血药浓度,计算Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip主要药动学参数及其相对口服吸收生物利用度。结果 最优处方下制备的Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip外观为球形及类球形。Che-Li和PEG-Che-Lip包封率分别为（82.54±0.62）%和（91.13±1.04）%,载药量为（7.64±0.11）%和（7.55±0.18）%,平均粒径分别为（148.15±7.63）nm和（159.37±8.14）nm,ζ电位分别为（-34.2±1.1）mV和（-4.2±0.3）mV。PEG-Che-Lip在模拟胃肠液稳定性高于Che-Lip,Che-Lip和PEG-Che-Lip释药过程均符合Weibull模型。药动学结果显示,Che-Lip的达峰浓度（C_max）和相对口服吸收生物利用度分别增加至1.55倍和2.45倍,PEG-Che-Lip的C_max和相对口服吸收生物利用度分别增加至2.08倍和5.04倍。结论 Che-Li和PEG-Che-Lip可有效促进口服吸收,PEG-Che-Lip优势更明显。     

尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内外肌纤维SDH活性的影响

:【目的】研究尾部悬吊对大鼠比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维琥珀酸脱氢酶 (succinicdehydrogenase,SDH)活性的影响 ,旨在探讨失重或模拟失重状态下肌梭的代谢和功能变化。【方法】用尾部悬吊法模拟失重 ,雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠按体质量配对原则 ,随机分为尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组及同步饲养的对照组。以氯化硝基四氮唑蓝盐 (nitrobluetetrazolium ,Nitro BT)法检测比目鱼肌梭内、外肌纤维SDH的活性。【结果】尾部悬吊导致Ⅰ型肌纤维的构成比减少 ,Ⅱ型肌纤维各亚型的构成比增加 ,以Ⅱb型增加最显著。尾部悬吊 3、7、14、30d组的Ⅰ型肌纤维构成比分别为 87.92 % ,84.0 0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,6 9.90 %(P <0 .0 1) ,6 7.90 % (P <0 .0 1) ;Ⅱb型肌纤维的构成比分别是 3 .75 % ,5 .6 3% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,15 .35 % (P <0 .0 1) ,18.33%(P <0 .0 1)。梭内肌纤维SDH活性增强 ,核袋 1纤维SDH染色由阳性转变为强阳性 ,核袋 2纤维由阴性转变为中等以上阳性 ,核链纤维由仅有一条呈弱阳性转变为均呈强阳性。【结论】模拟失重导致梭内、外肌纤维代谢改变 ,骨骼肌发生肌纤维类型转换 ,肌梭的功能活动可能受影响。     

Fos expression in the medullary visceral zone following transient decrease of blood pressure in rats under simulated weightlessness

Orthostatic intolerance is one of the main problemsafter spaceflight, which pose serious hazards tocrewmembers when re-entry and emergency egressionand affect the capacity to re-adapt to iG environment.The basic mechanism of postilight orthostatic intolerance has not been fully elucidated until nowll]. Besidesdecreased blood volume, other factors such as centralintegration, neurohumoral modulation and cardiovascular changes may also be involved[2]. Zhang et al havereported the reduced contract…     

超声心动图检测模拟失重大鼠左心室的结构与功能

目的验证模拟失重４ｗｋ大鼠心脏工室的结构与功能 否出现类似航天员飞行后的变化,方法 应用超声心动图技术检测模拟失重大鼠心脏左室的结构与功能。结果 模拟失重４ｗｋ大鼠左室舒张末与收缩末短径显著减小;左室壁厚度亦减小,但差别未达显著程度。左室舒张末与收缩末容积,每搏量及其相应的体重归一化指数皆显著减少,左室估计质量及其指料显著减少。     

Calbindins decreased after space flight

Exposure of the body to microgravity during space flight causes a series of well-documented changes in Ca²⁺ metabolism, yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to these changes are poorly understood. Calbindins, vitamin D-dependent Ca²⁺ binding proteins, are believed to have a significant role in maintaining cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis. In this study, we used biochemical and immunocytochemical approaches to analyze the expression of calbinding-D_28k and calbindin-D_9k in kidneys, small intestine, and pancreas of rats flown for 9 d aboard the space shuttle. The effects of microgravity on calbindins in rats from space were compared with synchronous Animal Enclosure Module controls, modeled weightlessness animals (tail suspension), and their controls. Exposure to microgravity resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in calbindin-D_28k content in the kidney and calbinding-D_9k in the small intestine of flight animals, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Modeled weightlessness animals exhibited a similar decrease in calbindins by ELISA. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) in combination with quantitative computer image analysis was used to measurein situ the expression of calbindins in the kidney and the small intestine, and the expression of insulin in pancreas. There was a large decrease of immunoreactivity in renal distal tubular cell-associated calbindin-D_28k and in intestinal absorptive cell-associated calbindin-D_9k of space flight and modeled weightlessness animals compared with matched controls. No consistent difference in pancreatic insulin immunoreactivity between space flight, modeled weightlessness, and controls was observed. Regression analysis of results obtained by quantitative ICC and ELISA for space flight, modeled weightlessness animals, and their controls demonstrated a significant correlation. These findings after a short-term exposure to microgravity or modeled weightlessness suggest that a decreased expression of calbindins may contribute to the disorders of Ca²⁺ metabolism induced by space flight.     

腺苷对模拟缺血再灌注豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的影响及其离子机制

目的　研究腺苷 (Ado)在模拟缺血缺氧时对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位 (AP)、L 型钙电流 (ICa.L)和ATP敏感性钾电流 (IK .ATP)的影响。方法　在离体豚鼠心室肌和酶解法分离的单个豚鼠心室肌细胞上 ,分别应用细胞内微电极和全细胞膜片钳技术记录动作电位和电流。结果　在模拟缺血缺氧状态下 ,Ado剂量依赖性的增大动作电位时程 (APD)的缩短 (P <0 0 5 ) ;抑制再灌注后APD恢复 ,而表现出迟后恢复。在缺血缺氧状态下 ,ICa.L受到抑制 ,Ado并不加重心肌细胞缺血缺氧时ICa.L的减小 ,而再灌注后ICa .L的恢复比较缓慢 ,但同对照组比较无差异。Ado可加速缺血缺氧时IK .ATP的激活 ,Ado(10 0 μmol·L-1)组在缺血缺氧时和再灌注后IK .ATP较对照组均明显增大。结论　在缺血缺氧状态下 ,Ado可增大APD的缩短 ,抑制再灌注后APD的恢复 ,其机制主要在于在缺血缺氧状态下Ado增大了IK .ATP。     

模拟ICU提高新护士急救技能的应用探讨

利用模拟ICU对61名新护士进行急救技能的培训,大大提高了护士的心理素质、急救能力、应变能力、沟通和合作能力.