Disparate exposure to physically demanding working conditions in France

BackgroundOur study was aimed at examining disparate exposure to physically demanding working conditions in France, a key objective being to identify the types of employees/jobs requiring high-priority preventive actions.MethodsWe analyzed the data from the 2017 French nationwide cross-sectional survey (SUMER) on occupational hazards to which French employees in various sectors were subjected. The prevalence of several types of physically demanding working conditions (lifting of heavy loads, awkward body postures, vibrations, noise, and extreme temperatures) was explored. Potential associations of individual and job characteristics with these factors of hardship at work were studied by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 48% of employees were exposed to at least one physically demanding working condition and 24.8% were exposed to multiple constraints. While managers and intellectual professionals were exposed relatively infrequently to physical constraints, blue-collar workers experienced the highest frequency of exposure. On the one hand, the role of company size depended on the factor of hardship at work considered; on the other hand, employees in large-scale companies were generally less exposed. As expected, employees in the construction industry were the most exposed to physical constraints; that said, our results also show that some activities in the services sector (e.g., personal care, administrative and support services) were quite significantly affected by a wide array of physically demanding working conditions.ConclusionNotwithstanding the establishment in France of Plans de Santé au travail (preventive workplace health and safety plans), occupational risks were found to be high, and above all, they were unevenly distributed among the various socio-professional categories, and strongly contributed to social inequalities in health. Our results identify the types of publics to be designated as high-priority targets for preventive measures aimed at reducing the adverse impacts of physically demanding working conditions and the incidence of associated musculoskeletal disorders.     

安徽省7—18岁学生体质状况分析

本文对安徽省７—１８岁城乡学生１９９５年与１９８５年体质状况资料比较分析,显示本省学生生长发育过程符合生长发育的一般规律,形态发育水平明显提高;发育速度处于长期趋势快速增长阶段;发育高峰年龄有提前趋势;发育匀称度以细长型为主;呼吸机能的肺活量明显下降;身体素质发育有不同程度下降;本省学生体质状况处于全国平均水平以下。     

Exercice physique, carence estrogénique, monoxyde d'azote et remodelage osseux

Summary

Objectives

The aim of this paper is to emphasize the possible relationships established between estrogens and physical exercise and concerning bone metabolism. Nitric oxide (NO) might play an important role in such relationships.

Topics

Cellular metabolism of NO, as well as NO effects upon osteoblasts and osteoclasts have been summarized. Several studies indicate that NO deficiency might be implicated in various vascular diseases observed in post-menopausal women. Other works also indicate that NO deficiency induced by cessation of ovarian activity might be responsible for osteopenia associated with this condition. Thus, decreased production of NO would be responsible both for post-menopausal osteoporosis as well as for osteopenia sometimes observed in amenorrheic athletes. Moreover osteoblastic response to mechanical stimulation might implicate estrogenic receptor(s). The role of these receptors in the regulation of NO synthesis is still unknown.     

辨体论治当"食药并举,食养为先"

有学者将国人体质分为9种类型,提出"辨体论治"的学术思想,强调体质在疾病发生发展转变过程中的重要作用.目前大多数医生仍偏重以药物的寒热温凉属性来纠正体质偏颇.笔者认为,辨体论治当"食药并举,食养为先",应重视膳食调养在疾病防治当中的前锋作用与重要性;展望未来能够将所有食物按性味、归经、功效、主治、相宜相克加以发掘整理,...     

论单核苷酸多态性与中医证的个体差异

单核苷酸(nucleotide)是基因的基本组成单位，单核苷酸多态性(Single Nacl eotide Poly morPhism,SNP)是指任何两个不同个体之间的单核苷酸序列中均有不同的排列次序，导致遗传变异而形成不同个体的差异性和多样性。它是决定人的个体差异的主要因素，是遗传的变异性所引起。个体差异是个体机体功能相对偏差以保持动态稳定的特征，是潜在的病理因素，其发病具有质化特点。证以质为基础，质以证的形式表现出来，证的特征包含着质的特征，证往往随质而转移，证的个体差异与单核苷酸多态性有关，这是中西医结合研究的最佳切入点。建立证与药的单核苷酸组学，可阐明中医药防治疾病原理，实现个体化医学治疗的理想，体现中医治病求本和防治未病的思想。     

形神及形神一体观的源流考辨

文章通过检索从先秦时期至清代的古代文献,梳理形神字义、形神含义及形神一体观的历史演变过程("鬼魂论"-散在的"形神说"-较系统的"形神观"-形神观与医学有机结合),正本清源,揭示形、神、形神一体的内涵,以期更好地将其运用于医学领域,用以阐发人类生命活动,并指导临床的诊断和防治.     

维吾尔族发旋的调查

本文报告了新疆维吾尔族425名大学生的发旋调查情况。发现维吾尔族的单旋顺旋率明显高于汉族(P<0.05),极显著高于壮族和瑶族(P<0.01),而反旋率低于汉族(P<0.05),明显低于壮族及瑶族(P<0.01)。双旋顺反旋率高于壮族(P<0.05),低于瑶族(P<0.01),顺顺旋率均高于汉族、壮族及瑶族(P<0.01)。提示了发旋这一性状有着明显的民族差异。