骨样骨瘤的影像学诊断:X线平片与CT常规横断位及MPR比较

目的:比较常规X线平片、多层螺旋CT常规横断位及多平面重组(multi-planar reformation,MPR)在骨样骨瘤诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析41例骨样骨瘤病人在X线平片、CT常规横断位及MPR图像上的表现及其对瘤巢及瘤巢内钙化显示能力。结果:41例病灶均表现为一圆形或卵圆形的透亮区,其周围有不同程度的骨质硬化。41例中仅8例在X线平片上能显示瘤巢,瘤巢显示率为19.5%(8/41);所有检查者均清楚显示瘤巢周围骨质硬化,但均不能显示瘤巢内钙化;41例CT横断位图像及MPR图像均能清楚显示瘤巢,18例CT横断位图像能显示瘤巢内钙化,30例病人在MPR图像能显示瘤巢内钙化;横断位CT图像和MPR对瘤巢内钙化显示率分别为43.9%(18/41)和73.2%(30/41)。结论:瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键,CT是显示瘤巢的重要检查方法,MPR图像是显示瘤巢内钙化的最佳方法,有助于做出准确诊断。     

Human Osteogenic Sarcoma: Fine Structure of Hard Tissue Areas

The structure of hard tissue areas (with osteoid and calcified matrix) in 10 osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and fibroblastic osteogenic sarcomas was studied in the electron microscope. Neoplastic cells commonly associated with these areas and presumably actively involved in the production of hard tissue were osteo-blastlike cells types 1 and 3, chondroblastlike cells type 1, and fibroblastlike cells, as defined and characterized in previous studies. The cells differed from those in soft tissue areas of osteogenic sarcomas in but one respect: they usually showed presence of irregular extrusions at their surfaces. Other types of osteoblastlike and chondroblastlike cells occurred rarely or not at all. Two types of multinucleated giant cells were recognized in these areas, one showing a fine structure reminiscent of that in osteoclasts, the other probably being of a neoplastic nature and engaged in the production of the calcifying matrix. The evidence suggested that neoplastic osteoblastlike, chondroblastlike, and fibrolastlike cells as well as certain multincleated giant cells might all be involved in the mineralization process and/or the formation of osteoid in osteogenic sarcomas. Although phenotypically of highly variable appearance, all these different cells may thus functionally (and probably histogenetically) be closely related.

The mineralization process in the tumor tissue appeared to be a modification of what occurs in normal ossification, possibly with an alternative or complementary pathway involving the production of spherical bodies with layered contents.     

骨样骨瘤诊断与治疗

目的：为了进一步了解骨样骨瘤的临床特点。方法：对１０例骨样骨瘤患者的诊断与治疗进行回顾分析。结果：１０例患者均行手术治疗并经病理证实为骨样骨瘤,术后经１～１０ａ随诊效果良好。结论：无论是骨干骨样骨瘤还是椎体骨样骨瘤,普通Ｘ光片往往不能显示出典型的瘤巢,ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ及同位素扫描方能显示出瘤巢,瘤巢所在的部位往往是反应骨最为隆起的部位,瘤巢的准确定位及彻底切除是获得良好效果的关键,术中在切除标本内找到     

Factors Associated with Osteoid Osteoma Recurrence after CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation

PurposeTo identify clinical and imaging variables associated with symptomatic recurrence of osteoid osteomas (OOs) treated with computerized tomography (CT)–guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation.Materials and MethodsSeventy-one patients treated with the use of CT-guided RF ablation for OO at a single institution from July 2005 to May 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort analysis. Clinical data, including patient age, sex, race, and clinical outcomes, were collected from institutional electronic health records and telephone follow-up. Imaging variables regarding tumor characteristics were gathered from imaging reports and a blinded review of preprocedural images by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to identify variables that are significantly associated with symptomatic recurrence, which was defined as pain occurring > 2 weeks after RF ablation.ResultsTen patients (14.1%) experienced symptomatic recurrence at a median of 21.5 months after RF ablation. Univariable logistic regression classified young age (≤ 13 years), female sex, maximum tumor length, and “eccentricity index” (EI) ≥ 3 as predictive variables significantly associated with symptomatic recurrence. Multivariable logistic regression identified female sex and EI ≥ 3 to be significant predictors for symptomatic recurrence. A multivariable proportional hazards Cox regression of time to recurrence revealed EI ≥ 3 to be the only significant predictor of symptomatic recurrence.ConclusionsFemale patients with OOs with an EI ≥ 3 have a greater risk of symptomatic recurrence following RF ablation. The EI is a useful tool to identify OOs with elongated 3-dimensional morphology, which may warrant more extensive ablation.     

CT引导下局部切除骨样骨瘤

目的:探讨CT引导下局部切除骨样骨瘤的适应证,并判断其疗效。方法:17例骨样骨瘤,男10例,女7例。取仰卧位或俯卧位,局部浸润麻醉,应用骨钻针切除病变。其中12例在钻切处注入无水酒精5 ml。结果:17例术后疼痛症状全部消失,均准确穿刺到位,疗效肯定,未发生任何并发症。结论:CT引导下经皮切除骨样骨瘤是一种微创、安全、简单有效的治疗方法。     

骨样骨瘤的影像学诊断

目的 分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现。方法 搜集经手术病理证实的骨样骨瘤48例，其中男33例，女15例。所有病例均行X线检查，其中同时行CT检查者32例，行MR检查者10例，3种检查方法都进行者8例。分析骨样骨瘤在X线、CT和MRI上的表现及其对瘤巢和瘤巢周围改变的显示能力。结果 48例病灶均表现为一圆形或卵圆形的透亮区，直径为0．4～1．7cm，平均9．7cm，其周围有不同程度的骨质硬化。10例行MR检查者均可见瘤巢周围的软组织、骨髓水肿或关节腔积液。48例X线平片仅37例显示瘤巢，32例行CT检查者均清楚显示瘤巢，X线和CT对瘤巢显示率分别为77％(37／48)和100％(32／32)。10例MR检查者均可作出正确诊断，其中8例能直接判断出瘤巢，另2例需对照平片或CT才能肯定。结论 瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键，X线平片仍然是诊断骨样骨瘤的重要检查方法，CT是显示瘤巢的最佳方法，MRI能敏感地显示瘤巢周围骨髓内及软组织的炎性水肿，但可能造成误诊，结合平片或CT可作出准确诊断。     

骨样骨瘤的诊断与治疗

目的:研究骨样骨瘤的临床特点以及外科治疗效果,提高诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析1997年1月至2009年10月确诊的35例骨样骨瘤的临床资料,其中男25例,女10例,平均发病年龄21岁(6～49岁)。最常见的部位为胫骨(13例)和股骨(7例)。发病至确诊时间平均为12个月(1～24个月),典型的症状为疼痛,夜间加重,服用非甾体抗炎药可缓解,影像学表现为一圆形或卵圆形的瘤巢。所有患者均经手术治疗:单纯肿瘤切除9例,肿瘤刮除或切除人工骨或自体骨植骨19例,肿瘤刮除或切除植骨固定7例。结果:术后平均随访49个月(2个月～12年),所有患者疼痛症状均消失,未见病灶复发。1例术后4个月出现胫骨病理性骨折,经钢板螺钉内固定后治愈。1例术后5年窦道形成,行窦道切除、髓内钉取出、清创术后治愈。结论:根据典型临床表现、影像学特点,骨样骨瘤的诊断并不困难,为缓解症状、提高生活质量、预防远期并发症,确诊后应尽早手术治疗。     

Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome: report of a case associated with osteoid osteomas

Blue rubber-bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS), or Bean's syndrome, is a rare angiomatosis characterized by multiple cavernous hemangiomas of the skin, mucosae and frequently of other sites. A 49-year-old male patient had been affected since birth by multiple angiomas localized in the skin, lips, oral cavity, cranial theca, and central nervous system; intrauterine rupture of angiomas in the right parietal lobe had caused partial hypotrophic paralysis of the left hemisoma. In addition to BRBNS, the patient was affected by three osteoid osteomas: this never-described clinical association is here discussed.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺骨样骨瘤射频消融术

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺骨样骨瘤射频消融术手术方法及临床疗效观察。方法2003年12月至2006年6月共治疗42例术前影像学诊断为骨样骨瘤的患者。男29例，女13例；年龄13-46岁，平均23．6岁；病程15d-2年，平均5个月。病灶部位：股骨近端15例，股骨远端2例，胫骨13例，骨盆7例，肱骨干2例，尺骨鹰嘴1例，跟骨1例，L4椎体1例。在腰麻或臂丛麻醉下行CT定位引导经皮穿刺射频消融术。术中CT扫描层厚为2-4mm，治疗温度90℃持续6min，用直径3．5-4mm穿刺针穿透骨皮质，将有效治疗直径1．5-2．0cm的射频电极准确插入瘤巢中心。随访18-24个月，平均19．5个月。手术前后行MR病灶扫描，进行影像学对比。疼痛视觉类比评分法（visual analoguescore，VAS）作为临床疗效评定参数。结果术后24h所有患者自主下地活动，术后3d-1周疼痛症状明显减轻，术后1个月随访疼痛基本消失。VAS评分明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后37例病理结果证实为骨样骨瘤，其余5例因取材失败，病理结果为阴性。术中、术后无严重并发症，治疗成功率93％，末次随访无复发。术后复查MRT2加权像有不同程度信号降低。结论CT定位引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗骨样骨瘤是一种简单、微创、安全、高效的技术，射频消融电极针精确到达瘤巢是治疗成功的关键。