Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery after Preoperative CT-Guided Lipiodol Marking of Small or Impalpable Pulmonary Nodules

Purpose: Small pulmonary lesions that include ground-glass attenuation have been increasingly discovered because of progressive imaging diagnostic technologies. Despite the detection of such small lesions, sometimes it is quite difficult to localize them because of their size or considerable depth from the visceral pleura. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking for thoracoscopic resection of impalpable pulmonary nodules.Methods: Fifty-six patients with an undiagnosed peripheral lesion(s) of the lung who had undergone preoperative computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were studied.Results: All of the nodules were successfully marked by computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking, and all except for one case were localized by means of intraoperative fluoroscopy as clear spots. With regard to complications, pneumothorax occurred in 21 patients (37.5%), and only one patient required transient drainage. Although hemorrhaging in the lung parenchyma and hemosputum occurred in nine patients (16.1%) and one patient (1.8%), respectively, no patients were in serious condition. No intra- or postoperative mortality or morbidity was observed.Conclusion: Preoperative computed tomography-guided lipiodol marking of small or impalpable pulmonary nodules is a safe and useful procedure for thoracoscopic resection of the lung.     

吉西他滨超液化碘油乳剂治疗晚期肝肿瘤初步研究

目的：探讨吉西他滨超液化碘油乳剂治疗晚期肝肿瘤的可行性及毒副反应。方法：31例肝晚期肿瘤，用吉西他滨超液化碘油乳剂栓塞治疗，部分直接灌注化疗，首次治疗后初步评估早期疗效及毒性反应。结果：31例中，4例肺癌肝转移，8例胰腺癌肝转移，7例结肠癌肝转移，12例巨块型肝癌。首次治疗后，腹痛症状及食欲情况明显好转，而且其毒副作用不明显。结论：吉西他滨超液化碘油乳剂栓塞、灌注治疗肝肿瘤，是安全的，而且能改善病人的生活质量，并且未见不可耐受副反应。     

平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝血管瘤的临床应用价值

目的　评价和探讨平阳霉素碘油乳剂 (PLE)治疗肝血管瘤的临床应用和疗效。方法　治疗肝血管瘤 12例 ,瘤体最小 3 .3cm× 3 .0cm ,最大 12 .0cm× 13 .0cm ,采用Seldinger技术股动脉插管 ,将导管超选择至肿瘤供血动脉插管后 ,注入平阳霉素碘油乳剂 ,并用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞供血动脉。术后定期复查。结果　介入治疗栓塞后碘油沉积良好 ,所有瘤体均有不同程度缩小 ,术后无严重并发症发生。结论　平阳霉素碘油乳剂治疗肝血管瘤安全、有效 ,并发症少 ,可成为治疗肝血管瘤的重要手段。     

肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞的危险因素分析

目的探讨肝细胞肝癌TACE术后发生碘油肺栓塞的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2016年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院诊断肝细胞肝癌并行TACE术的310例病例资料,对18个可能与肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞相关的因素进行单因素分析。对单因素分析有统计学意义的因素,采用非条件二元多因素Logistic回归分析其与肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞的相关性。结果310例中27例发生肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞,发生率为8.71%。单因素分析显示:最大肿瘤直径≥10 cm、碘油使用量≥15 mL、肝动-静脉瘘、肝癌破裂、未经治疗的下腔静脉癌栓是肝细胞肝癌TACE术后发生碘油肺栓塞的危险因素(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:最大肿瘤直径≥10 cm、碘油使用量≥15 mL、肝动-静脉瘘、肝癌破裂是肝细胞肝癌TACE术后发生碘油肺栓塞的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞的发生率并不低,针对相关危险因素采取适当措施有助于减少肝细胞肝癌TACE术后碘油肺栓塞的发生。     

活体碘油门静脉灌注大鼠肝泡球蚴感染模型的观察研究

目的:观察活体碘油灌注在大鼠肝泡球蚴感染模型中的分布,探讨肝泡状棘球蚴病的血供.方法:20只感染肝泡球蚴病大鼠经门静脉灌注碘油,分别在不同时间处死动物,取新鲜肝脏行钼靶摄影后进行HE及苏丹Ⅳ染色,观察碘油分布.结果:活体条件下对感染肝泡球蚴的大鼠经门静脉灌注碘油可选择性地进入病灶周围,苏丹Ⅳ染色于病灶周围的炎症反应带中可见碘油沉积.结论:门静脉参与肝泡状棘球蚴病的部分供血,为经门静脉介入治疗提供了可靠的理论依据.     

Preliminary results of transarterial rhenium-188 HDD lipiodol in the treatment of inoperable primary hepatocellular carcinoma

A multicentre study was sponsored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (Vienna) to assess the safety and efficacy of trans-arterial rhenium-188 HDD conjugated lipiodol (radioconjugate) in the treatment of patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The radioconjugate was prepared by using an HDD (4-hexadecyl 1-2,9,9-tetramethyl-4,7-diaza-1,10-decanethiol) kit developed in Korea, and lipiodol. Over a period of 18 months, 70 patients received at least one treatment of radioconjugate. Some patients were re-treated if there was no evidence of disease progression. The level of radioconjugate administered was based on radiation-absorbed dose to critical normal organs, calculated following a scout dose of radioconjugate. The organs at greatest risk for radiation toxicity are the normal liver, the lung and the bone marrow. An Excel spreadsheet was used to determine maximum tolerated activity (MTA), defined as the amount of radioactivity calculated to deliver no more than 12 Gy to lungs, or 30 Gy to liver, or 1.5 Gy to bone marrow. These doses have been found to be safe in multiple trials using external beam therapy, but this has not been confirmed for systemically administered radiopharmaceuticals. Patients were followed for at least 12 weeks after therapy, until recovery from all toxicity. The clinical parameters evaluated included toxicity, response as determined by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, palliation of symptoms, overall survival, performance status (Karnofsky) and hepatic function (Childs classification). Liver function tests, serum -fetoprotein (AFP) levels and complete blood counts were done at each follow-up visit. In the majority of patients, the scout dose studies indicated the radiation absorbed dose to normal liver to be the limiting factor to the treatment dose, while in a few patients dose to lung was the limiting factor. Radiation dose to bone marrow was negligible and was thus not a factor for the MTA calculations. Side-effects were minimal and usually presented as loss of appetite, right hypochondrial discomfort and low-grade fever, even at high levels of administered radioactivity. The symptoms resolved with simple supportive therapy within 3 days of onset. Liver function tests at 24 and 72 h showed no significant changes and complete blood counts at 1 week, 4 weeks and 12 weeks showed no changes (no bone marrow suppression). Sixteen patients were treated in the dose escalation phase of the study, when the activities administered started at 1.8 GBq (50 mCi) and rose to 7.7 GBq (206 mCi). In the efficacy phase of the study a further 54 patients were treated. Both groups of patients are included in this paper. The treatment activity of ¹⁸⁸Re-lipiodol administered transarterially ranged from 1.8 to 9.8 GBq (50–265 mCi), with a mean activity of 4.6 GBq (124 mCi). Survival at 3 months was 90%, and at 6 months, 60%; 19% survived for 1 year. Mean survival after treatment in the total treated group of 70 patients was 9.5 months, with a range of 1–18 months. The results of this multicentre study show that ¹⁸⁸Re-lipiodol is a safe and cost-effective method to treat primary HCC via the transarterial route. In terms of efficacy, it is potentially a new therapeutic approach for further evaluation by treatment of larger numbers of patients.     

巨块型肝癌肝动脉灌注栓塞后CT检查

分析１４３例原发巨块型肝癌碘油栓塞后的ＣＴ影像表现,依据癌灶内碘油存积的量和分布的差异,分为密实型,残缺型、弥散型和稀少型４种ＣＴ类型,并逐型分析其形成机理和临床意义,认为肝癌灌注栓塞后ＣＴ表现为密实型者瘤内碘油含量最高,提示瘤区药物浓度最高,栓塞效果和疗效最好,栓塞术后ＣＴ检查是临床判断疗效、估计预后、动态随访观察的首选方法,ＣＴ上瘤内碘油的表现情况可作为医生制定肝癌患者后继治疗措施的重要参考。     

~(131)Ⅰ-碘化油内照射部分脾切除的实验研究-Ⅱ可行性和放射强度耐受量

目的:~(131)I-碘化油内照射性部分脾切除的可行性。材料与方法:选用杂种犬10只,分治疗组(8只)和对照组(2只),治疗组脾动脉造影后注入不同剂量的~(131)I-碘化油,对照组则仅注入碘化油,术后通过脾动脉造影、SPECT、病理和血生化及肝肾功能变化了解脾大小和形态改变,评价其部分脾切除的可行性。结果:1.术后1-2周肝功能一过性改变,4周恢复正常;血生化及肾功能无异常;2.血管造影见脾动脉分支减少、纤细,脾影缩小;3.SPECT显示脾大小和重量均缩小;4.病理证实脾脏缩小而其他器官未受损害。结论:~(131)I-碘化油介入性核素内照射方法,生物耐受性良好,可以达到部分脾切除的目的,是一种可行的治疗脾亢的新尝试。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞后碘油在肝癌内聚积、存留和消失的血管造影、CT与病理对照研究

用血管造影和ＣＴ对照分析肝动脉化疗栓塞后碘油在肝癌内的初期聚积特点，用ＣＴ动态观察碘油在肝癌内的存留和消失时间，同时与栓塞后切除标本行病理对照研究。结果表明：碘油能选择性聚积于多血供的肝癌内，且聚积量与肿瘤血供有关。少血供肝癌无或少有碘油聚积。碘油能选择性聚积并持续存留部是肿瘤栓后坏死区，一般存留２～６月甚至更长，伴肿瘤明显缩小；碘油虽能选择性聚积但逐渐消失部是肿瘤栓后存活区，一般１～２月消失，肿瘤缩小不明显或反增大。少量碘油在非癌肝实质一般２周消失。对碘油聚积、存留物消失问题的阐明，为肝癌的介入治疗提供了理论依据。     

Effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy with a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol-chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol on experimental liver tumor in rats

Anticancer effects and biodistribution of a new lipophilic anticancer agent, estradiol-chlorambucil (KM2210), dissolved in lipiodol (LPD) were investigated as an intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) on Walker 256 carcinosarcoma grown in the liver of 136 Wistar rats. All rats treated with KM2210 (10 mg)-LPD survived for 90 days after administration, whereas none of the rats with LPD alone were alive for more than 19 days. Histological examination revealed that there was no viable tumor cell in the encapsulated necrotic tumor at 21 days after administration. There was no significant liver dysfunction or leukopenia due to KM2210. The biodistribution study using [14C, 3H]KM2210-LPD solution showed that KM2210 accumulated selectively in tumor and that the tumor-to-normal-liver and tumor-to-blood ratios were 10 and 1,000, respectively, at 21 days after administration. These results suggest that KM2210 has potential clinical application in the treatment of human liver cancer.