Ketoprofen Versus Paracetamol in the Treatment of Acute Migraine

The efficacy and safety of ketoprofen and paracetamol were compared for the treatment of acute migraine in a randomized, double-blind study of 64 patients. Thirty-four patients received ketoprofen 100 mg intramuscularly, and 30 patients received paracetamol 500 mg intramuscularly. Partial or complete relief of pain and other symptoms was achieved 15 to 20 minutes after administration in the ketoprofen group and within 35 minutes in the paracetamol group. Complete relief of pain was achieved within 30 to 40 minutes after ketoprofen in 28 patients (82.5%) compared to 5 patients (17.5%) in the paracetamol group. Six of the patients treated with ketoprofen needed a second dose for complete relief of pain during the 4-hour follow-up period. Side effects were rare and minimal. Our findings suggest that ketoprofen produced statistically significant benefit in the treatment of acute migraine.     

Effect of buffering on pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers in man

Aims Concomitant administration of magnesium hydroxide may affect the rate or extent of absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to find out whether or not buffering modifies the pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen, plasma concentration-time courses resulting from oral administration of unbuffered formulations were compared with those of buffered formulations.
Methods Two groups of 12 healthy and young male subjects were included in two randomized cross-over studies and received single oral doses of ketoprofen 12.5 or 25  mg, respectively, given as tablets which were either unbuffered or buffered with magnesium hydroxide/citrate. Ketoprofen enantiomers in plasma were determined by h.p.l.c. up to 24  h post-dose.
Results Maximum plasma concentrations ( C _max ) of both the (R)- and (S)-enantiomer, observed after administration of the buffered formulations (12.5 and 25  mg), were higher compared with the unbuffered tablets by about 50–80%. The area under concentration-time data (AUC) was unaffected, and, hence, C _max/AUC was increased by buffering. Time to C _max ( t _max ) and mean residence time (MRT) tended to be or was shortened by buffering.
Conclusions It is concluded that buffering of two ketoprofen formulations with magnesium hydroxide/citrate enhanced the concentration maximum by increasing the rate of absorption and leaving AUC unaffected.     

Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers

Background : Nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which may result in impaired platelet function. Because NSAIDs have different abilities to inhibit cyclo–oxygenases we compared the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers. Methods : Ten healthy male volunteers were given ketoprofen 1.4 mg kg^-1, ketorolac 0.4 mg kg^-1 and diclofenac 1.1 mg kg^-1 in saline i.v. on three different occasions, at more than one–week intervals, in a randomized double–blind crossover study. Platelet function was evaluated before (sample 0), 2 (sample 2) and 24 h (sample 3) after the beginning of the infusion. Results : Two of the volunteers had no secondary platelet aggregation in their aggregation curves before the experiment (sample 0, studied three times) and their results were excluded from the final analysis. Diclofenac inhibited adrenaline (0.9 μg–ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation less (median maximal aggregation 22.5%) than ketoprofen (18.3%) and ketorolac (15.7%) (P<0.05) in sample 2. In the ketorolac group in sample 3 an impairment of adrenaline (0.9 ng ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation was still seen (26.7%) (P<0.05) but not in the other groups. Diclofenac did not affect adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation. However, ketorolac caused an impairment in ADP (3 μM and 6 μM) induced platelet aggregation and ketoprofen in ADP (6 μM) induced platelet aggregation in sample 2. Bleeding time was prolonged (P<0.05) after ketoprofen and ketorolac (sample 2) but not after diclofenac. Platelet retention on glass beads was unaffected by the tested drugs. Conclusion : Ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac caused a reversible platelet dysfunction. Diclofenac had the mildest effect, while platelet dysfunction was still seen 24 h after the beginning of ketorolac.     

酮基布洛芬的合成方法改进

目的 合成酮基布洛芬，提高产品纯度。方法 以3—苄基苯乙酮为原料，通过Darzens缩合，氧化合成目标物。结果与结论 以3—苄基苯乙酮计算，总收率约64％，产品纯度为99．8％。并通过红外吸收光谱(IR)、质谱(Ms)确证了目标物的结构。该合成工艺简单，产品质量好。     

右旋酮洛芬的解热镇痛作用

目的 研究右旋酮洛芬(Dexketoprofen, D-KP)的解热镇痛作用.方法 采用小鼠热板法和热辐射甩尾法两种镇痛实验模型;角叉菜胶诱导的大鼠和伤寒疫苗诱导的兔体温升高两种实验模型.结果 D-KP(5、10、20 mg.kg-1)能明显延长小鼠热板和热辐射甩尾的痛阈时间;D-KP(2.5、5、10 mg.kg-1)对角叉菜胶诱发大鼠的体温升高、D-KP(1.25、2.5、5 mg.kg-1)对伤寒疫苗诱发兔的体温升高均有明显的降温作用.结论 D-KP具有良好的解热镇痛作用.     

酮洛芬的相转移催化氧化合成

2-(3-苄基苯基)丙醛和高锰酸钾在相转移催化剂度米芬作用下,以苯为有机相、氢氧化钠水溶液为水相氧化制得酮洛芬,收率69%,纯度99.5%.     

皮肤羧酸酯酶代谢的立体选择性

目的研究人皮肤羧酸酯酶代谢的立体选择性，为利用前体药物方法促进透皮吸收提供分子生物学基础。方法以酮洛芬乙酯为模型药物，利用皮肤匀浆代谢方法考察皮肤羧酸酯酶代谢的立体选择性。以人肝脏L02细胞株中羧酸酯酶的表达为对照，采用RT-PCR方法从mRNA水平研究皮肤组织及其细胞中羧酸酯酶的表达。结果 酮洛芬乙酯在人皮肤匀浆中的代谢产物以R-酮洛芬为主。人羧酸酯酶-2(hCE-2)在皮肤组织及其细胞中都有很强的表达，而人羧酸酯酶-1(hCE-1)在皮肤组织及其细胞中的表达量很小或不表达。结论皮肤表达的hCE-2是透皮吸收常用酯类前体药物的主要水解酶，其对手性酯类前体药物的水解具有立体选择性。     

酮洛芬的合成

对硝基苯乙酮经缩酮保护、缩合、脱保护、还原、重氮脱氨制得3-乙酰基二苯甲酮,再经Darzens反应制得酮洛芬,总收率44.6%.