Thirty-six consecutive under 5 year old domestic swimming pool drownings

Abstract Data were collected by the local nurse on each of the 36 drownings in domestic swimming pools of under 5 year olds that occurred between 1 September 1982 and 31 December 1986. The likely effect of New Zealand's 1987 Fencing of Swimming Pools Act in preventing these drownings, had it been in effect, is considered. It is concluded that at least 29 (80%) of the 36 drownings would have been prevented. Examination of the circumstances of the drownings leads to the conclusion that certain alternatives to the fencing law that have been proposed, such as teaching water skills to infants, fencing property boundaries, and use of pool covers, are unlikely to have been as effective.     

中国高水平击剑运动员运动损伤流行病学调查分析

目的:探讨高水平击剑运动员运动损伤的发病特点。方法:国家击剑队52名队员,男26名,女26名;平均年龄21.9岁;平均身高男186.6 cm,女175.7 cm;平均入队时间7.9年。国际健将17名,国家健将28名。针对运动损伤发病部位、程度、特点等进行流行病学调查。结果:52名运动员中发生运动损伤48人,患病率92.3%,损伤共87人次,急性损伤29人次,慢性损伤23人次,急性转慢性35人次。列患病率前4位的为腰背肌筋膜炎23.0%,髌股关节软骨损伤19.2%,髌腱周围炎和踝腓侧副韧带损伤各11.5%。发病部位比例最高的为膝关节,其次为下腰部和踝关节。损伤原因主要有训练强度过大占42.5%,保护意识淡漠占18.4%,技术动作错误占16.1%。结论:高水平击剑运动员运动损伤患病率较高,损伤部位以膝关节、下腰部以及踝关节为主,其中腰背肌筋膜炎、髌股关节骨软骨损伤、肌腱末端病等患病率较高。训练强度高、保护意识淡漠是受伤的主要原因。     

Digit ratio (2D:4D) predicts sporting success among female fencers independent from physical,experience, and personality factors

Research particularly focusing on male athletes and popular sports (running and soccer) suggests associations of lower (masculinized) second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative marker of prenatal androgen action, with better sports performance. Studies focusing on women, non‐mainstream sports, or controlling for covariates relevant for sporting success are still sparse. This study examined associations between 2D:4D and performance of both male and female athletes active in fencing (a non‐mainstream sport dominated by male participants), while controlling for covariates. National fencing rankings and 2D:4D of 58 male and 41 female Austrian tournament fencers (mean age 24 years) were correlated. Among female, but not male, fencers, lower 2D:4D was related to better national fencing rankings. 2D:4D still accounted for incremental variance (12%) in fencing success, when the effects of salient performance factors (age, body mass index, years of fencing, training intensity, and the personality variables achievement, control, harm avoidance, and social potency) were controlled for (totaling 35% attributable variance). Athletes active in the most aggressive form (the sabre) had lower 2D:4D than those active in the other forms (épée and foil fencing). Sporting success in adult life might be partly prenatally programmed via long‐lasting extragenital effects of testosterone.     

纳洛酮对人体短时间剧烈运动过程中机体免疫功能的影响

本文就纳洛酮对击剑运动员短时间剧烈运动前后机体免疫功能的影响进行了初步探讨,结果表明:1.运动前静脉注射纳洛酮后跑步4000米,外周血T细胞亚群的变化表现为CD_2~+细胞亚群百分率升高,CD_4~+CD_3~+比值下降。2.运动后外周血白细胞诱生干扰素的能力显著高于运动前,P<0.01。3.运动后NK细胞活性与白细胞吞噬百分率有下降的趋势,但吞噬指数显著增高。纳洛酮对外周血白细胞诱生干扰素的能力,NK细胞活性及白细胞吞噬功能均未见有明显影响。     

我国优秀击剑运动员身体运动功能与简单反应时和注意力的相关性分析

目的:调查分析我国优秀击剑运动员身体运动功能状态与认知功能之间的相关性,为击剑运动训练与认知功能训练相互结合提供理论依据。方法:对51名优秀击剑运动员进行测试,所有运动员接受了身体成分信息的采集,身体运动功能筛查(FMS),反应时测定和注意力测试。结果:身体运动功能与认知功能中的简单反应时和注意力有显著负相关性;简单反应时与FMS测试中的肩关节灵活性、直线弓步和直腿上举呈负相关;注意力与FMS测试中的躯干稳定性和直线弓步呈负相关。结论:我国优秀击剑运动员身体运动功能中的灵活性、稳定性、柔韧性与其认知功能的简单反应时和注意力具有相关性。该相关关系的说明有利于进一步深入探索运动与认知功能相互促进的研究。     

African swine fever in wild boar,South Korea, 2019

South Korea is the only Asian country where African swine fever (ASF) is spreading in wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations. This rapid communication describes the situation of ASF in South Korea since its first detection on 17 September 2019 with special attention to ASF dynamics and management in wild boar. Since the first case in a wild boar was detected on 2 October 2019, a total of 86 wild boar have been confirmed as infected by PCR until 18 January 2020, and the monthly number of cases has been growing from October 2019 to January 2020. Interventions to limit ASF spread among wild boar in South Korea consist in fencing, population control and carcass search and disposal. The confirmed ASF‐infected sites are immediately fenced, and a three‐layer fencing system has been deployed to avoid southward spread of ASF. Hunting and trapping allowed culling 2,623 wild boar on 2,414 km² (1.08/km²), and a total of 889 wild boar carcasses were detected and destroyed. Unfortunately, mine fields impose constraints to effective carcass search, impeding effective quantification of cases and carcass destruction in parts of the infected zone and generating a unique epidemiological setting.