经9次核酸检测终确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者1例分析

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球蔓延,形势严峻,并对全球公共卫生事业构成巨大挑战,快速准确的诊断COVID-19对疫情的防控有重要意义。本文报道1例COVID-19患者的调查和确诊过程,以对COVID-19确诊和疫情防控提供有价值的参考。患者为赴渝务工于2020年1月23日返乡人员,在渝期间,其同工地的一同事确诊为COVID-19,之后该工地接连有另外8位同事被确诊。患者返乡后2月2日被当地疫情防控单位采取医学隔离。患者于隔离后不久出现咳嗽,阵发性,干咳为主,偶可咳出黄色痰液等COVID-19相关临床症状,遂被当地新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医疗单位收治,后经市级新型冠状病毒肺炎诊治专家组远程视频会诊转入四川大学华西医院资阳医院。患者先后经历9次核酸检测,在前8次核酸检测均为阴性的情况下,于第9次核酸检测结果为阳性,2月21日最终确诊为新型冠状病毒肺炎。     

超声引导下压迫修复冠脉介入术后假性动脉瘤

目的:探讨超声引导下压迫法修复冠脉介入术后假性动脉瘤的可行性和方法。方法:4例冠脉介入术后腹股沟搏动性肿块患者,经彩色多普勒超声确诊股动脉假性动脉瘤,采用实时超声定位及监测下直接压迫法修复股动脉破裂口。结果:3例股动脉假性动脉瘤在超声引导下压迫修复成功,1例失败,未出现并发症。结论:早期超声引导下压迫法结合绷带加压包扎是治疗冠脉介入术后假性动脉瘤的有效方法,简便安全,值得推广。     

颅内假性动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨颅内假性动脉瘤的诊断和手术方法。方法回顾性分析16例手术治疗的颅内假性动脉瘤病人的临床及影像学特点．其中创伤性9例，感染性7例。结果出院时临床状况优良11例，轻残3例，死亡2例（其中1例为创伤性，术后发生脑梗死）。对12例行3个月。5年门诊随访，均未发生再出血。结论颅内假性动脉瘤是颅内动脉瘤中特殊且较复杂的类型，其诊断和处理策略与一般动脉瘤不同。提高对颅内假性动脉瘤的认识，以及有效应用神经外科技术，可以降低假性动脉瘤的手术风险，改善预后。     

Comparative study of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques in Singapore

This is a report on a comparative study of the reactivity of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques. 413 patients attending a contact dermatitis clinic in Singapore were simultaneously patch tested with panels 1 and 2 of the TRUE Test standard series and with corresponding allergens (Hermal, Hamburg) using Finn Chambers. The left/right application of the TRUE Test and Finn Chambers was randomized. The concordance of positive patch test reactions to the 2 test techniques was studied. The number of patient with positive reactions was 38% and 42% for TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques, respectively (n.s.). The overall concordance of positive patch test reactions was 64% (209/328). 13% (42/328) of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 24% (77/328) on Finn Chamber only. When only relevant positive reactions were considered, the concordance rate was 67%; 11.6% of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 21% on Finn Chamber only. Positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and neomycin were more frequent with the Finn Chamber technique than with TRUE Test, i.e., false negative reactions to PPD and neomycin were more likely to occur with TRUE Test. It appeared that the TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques were comparable when used for patch testing. However false negative and false positive patch test reactions can occur when using either technique.     

Patch test reactions in atopic patients

Patch testing was carried out in 851 atopic patients; 181 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients were additionally tested with 50% dilutions of the test substances. The occurrence of allergic and irritant reactions was frequent, being 57% and 33% for AD patients aged 28-41 years and 19-27 years, respectively. Among age-matched allergic rhinitis (AR)/allergic conjunctivitis (AC) or asthma (A) patients, the number of allergic reactions varied from 25 to 30%, and for irritant reactions was 24%. In all groups, nickel, fragrance-mix, balsam of Peru and neomycin were the commonest allergens. Contact allergy to ingredients of topical medicaments was common among AD patients and patients with severe and long-lasting dermatitis were most frequently sensitized. However, sensitivity to multiple substances was not common among those patients. The number of irritant reactions was considerable, but 50% dilution of the test substances did not solve the problem.     

False positive accumulation in 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan due to sarcoid reaction following induction chemotherapy for lung cancer

We present a case of lung cancer that showed false positive accumulation in an ¹⁸F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan following induction chemotherapy for suspected metastasis and progression of malignancy. A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the lung, classified as clinical stage IIIA (T2N2M0), and underwent induction chemotherapy. An FDG-PET scan prior to chemotherapy demonstrated accumulation only in the tumor, whereas following treatment it revealed a strong accumulation not only in the tumor, but also in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, which indicated lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent a biopsy of the right supraclavicular lymph node and mediastinoscopy, after which all dissected lymph nodes showed sarcoid reactions and no tumor cells were found pathologically. We concluded that when evaluating the effect of induction chemotherapy for malignancy, a sarcoid reaction might lead to the false positive accumulation of FDG.     

Large B-cell lymphomas: fine-needle aspiration plays an important role in initial diagnosis of cases which are falsely negative by flow cytometry

Large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) have significant false-negative results when immunophenotyped by flow cytometry (FC). To clarify the role fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in reducing this false-negative rate, 28 cases ultimately diagnosed as LBCL that had FNA as part of the workup and a negative FC were identified. We examined their clinical and cytologic features, in comparison with cases of LBCL with FNAs that were positive by FC. In 24/28 FC-negative cases (86%) a cytologic diagnosis of suspicious or positive for malignancy was rendered. We conclude that cytologic analysis is more sensitive than FC in the diagnosis of malignancy in FNA of LBCL, particularly in aspirates with low cellularity and/or low viability. Examination of cytospin preparations of the actual material analyzed by FC may provide an indication that an FC result is falsely negative. It is important to recognize the potential of false-negativity by FC of LBCLs when interpreting FNAs with features suggesting lymphoma.     

任务的呈现方式对孤独症儿童误念理解的影响

目的:探讨一种更适于测试孤独症儿童误念理解能力的方法.方法:2(呈现方式)×2(被试类型)设计,采用经典误念任务,使用计算机多媒体动画呈现方式与传统图片-实物呈现方式,分别测试20名孤独症儿童和言语能力(PPVT-R)匹配的正常儿童.结果:呈现方式的主效应非常显著(P<0.001),动画呈现方式使正常儿童和孤独症儿童的误念理解成绩都有提高,孤独症儿童的提高更大.结论:孤独症儿童的误念理解能力在误念任务的传统呈现方式之下可能被低估了.充分考虑孤独症认知缺陷的多样性,使用恰当的任务方式,可能会更真实地反映他们的心理理论发展水平.     

False results associated with darkground microscopy of subgingival plaque

This study considers false results which may arise due to problems in the preparation or examination of specimens for darkground microscopy of subgingival plaque. Subgingival plaque samples obtained with a sterile curette were placed in 0.1-0.3 ml sterile full or 1/4 strength Ringer's solution: 0.85% saline, 1% gelatin in 0.85% saline, formal saline or pyrogen-free water for injection. Test slides were prepared from the original dispersion, and control slides from the corresponding sterile solution. Optimal dispersion solution, syringe dispersion frequency and the effect on motility of delay in processing samples were tested. Slides were also prepared from dispersions of 11 representative subgingival "periodontopathic" organisms. Problems in sampling included variability in counts between sites with comparable pocket depths, contamination of the sample and reduction of the sample volume after scaling. Problems in dispersion included contamination, uneven distribution of the different morphotypes and destruction of delicate organisms. Problems in slide preparation included slide contamination, limitation in the number of samples that can be assessed by one examiner at a given time without loss of activity of motile cells, and preparation of a cell monolayer. Problems in identification and counting included confusion of Brownian movements with motility, coccoid particles with cocci, spirochetes with campylobacter, flagella with flagella-like structures, size of cocci, counting of fragmented spirochetes and non-motile flagellated organisms and motile cells, and also bias in counting. Problems in morphotype grouping included the observation that many (10 of the 11 representative) periodontitis-related organisms were in the non-motile groups and not all cells of the motile species (Campylobacter, Capnocytophaga) showed motility. The results indicate that each stage of subgingival plaque darkground microscopy, sampling, dispersion, slide preparation, counting, morphotype grouping and interpretation may lead to false results if not representative or reproducible. Procedures are suggested for the minimisation of problems in the preparation and examination of subgingival plaque specimens for darkground microscopy.