J6-Ⅲ模拟座舱屋角主动消声系统的研制

目的研制对低频噪声有较好消声作用的J6-Ⅲ模拟座舱屋角主动消声系统。方法通过将简正振动模式分析理论应用于驾驶舱内声场分析研究中,确定消声系统的传输曲线,利用声电反馈控制系统来实现,并在歼6-Ⅲ歼击机模拟座舱进行实际测量。结果系统对歼6-Ⅲ飞机模拟座舱内500 Hz窄带噪声主动消声效果超过8 dB;作用范围65 Hz～1000 Hz。结论主动消声对低频噪声作用明显,本系统推广范围大,但是实际应用尚有差距。     

歼击机座舱通用显示信息及其优先级的确定

目的确定新型歼击机座舱通用显示信息的内容及优先级。方法调查歼击机飞行员162人,要求飞行员针对16种飞行阶段或任务并根据自己的使用需求对各类信息做等级数字化评定。求得每条信息的个体化Z分数值,并取群体Z分数第50百分位值为结果值。结果飞行员认定的一级、二级、三级和四级通用显示信息分别有8条、41条、33条和20条。结论新型歼击机设计可按照优先级向飞行员显示这些通用信息。     

歼击机座舱传热边界条件计算模型

目的建立较完整的歼击机座舱传热边界条件计算模型,包括内壁面传热边界条件和空气分配系统供气传热边界条件。方法分别采用该模型和传统的等热流密度及等温供气边界条件对舱内温度场进行了数值计算,并通过地面模拟实验验证了计算的准确性。结果计算结果和实验结果的对比表明,该模型温度场计算精度比传统方法有明显提高,能较真实地反映座舱壁面传热的不均匀性及空气分配系统供气孔口流出气流温度的不均匀性和非对称性。结论该模型更接近真实情况,是合理的,有良好的工程应用价值。     

High Reliability Organizations—Medication Safety

High reliability organizations (HROs), such as the aviation industry, successfully engage in high-risk endeavors and have low incidence of adverse events. HROs have a preoccupation with failure and errors. They analyze each event to effect system wide change in an attempt to mitigate the occurrence of similar errors. The healthcare industry can adapt HRO practices, specifically with regard to teamwork and communication. Crew resource management concepts can be adapted to healthcare with the use of certain tools such as checklists and the sterile cockpit to reduce medication errors. HROs also use The Swiss Cheese Model to evaluate risk and look for vulnerabilities in multiple protective barriers, instead of focusing on one failure. This model can be used in medication safety to evaluate medication management in addition to using the teamwork and communication tools of HROs.     

Distractions and Interruptions: Development of a Healthcare Sterile Cockpit

Distractions are a major cause of error in healthcare, especially during the process of medication delivery. Yet, in the healthcare setting, distractions or interruptions are often expected as a “way we do business.” In response to these threats, the authors suggest the development of methods that will reduce interruptions and distractions during critical patient care events; in effect, to develop a healthcare “sterile cockpit.” This paper discusses recommendations for this process including assessment, identification of prevention strategies, implementation, evaluation, and sustainability.     

飞机驾驶舱概念设计阶段工效评价用人体几何模型

目的：基于飞机驾驶舱设计需要,建立适合其工效分析用的人体几何模型。方法：首先进行人体表面划分,确定曲面数据来源、人体曲面表示、人体的关节自由度、局部坐标系及人体各节段的质心位置和大小,最后利用三维造型软件显著人体几何模型。结果:按上述方法生成的人体几何模型可模拟基本的工效分析动作,包括人体头颅转动和手、脚运动后的最终姿态。结论：人体几何模型适于目前研究和工程的需要。