Early Experiences of Threat,but Not Deprivation,Are Associated With Accelerated Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents

Background

Recent conceptual models argue that early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, which may contribute to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Evidence for accelerated development in youths comes from studies of telomere shortening or advanced pubertal development following circumscribed ELA experiences and neuroimaging studies of circuits involved in emotional processing. It is unclear whether all ELA is associated with accelerated development across global metrics of biological aging or whether this pattern emerges following specific adversity types.

海拔3700m富氧室对青年劳动前后血流动力学影响

目的：探讨在高原建立富氧室对青年运动前后血流动力学的影响，为提高高原劳动能力探索有效途径；方法：10名受试者在进入富氧室前后及运动前后分别坐于踏车功量机上，以60rpm连续蹬车，0W为静息时对照值，从25W开始，每3分钟递增25W，蹬车至力竭时停止，然后用XG－Ⅲ血液循环自动测试仪检测血流动力学指标；结果：富氧后运动前P、BK、PAWP、CCP、η、ALT为静息状态均降低，差别有显著性（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），SV、MAP、BV均明显增高，差别有非常显著性（P＜0．001）；富氧后运动后P、BK、TPR较静息状态均升高，差别有显著性（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），PAWP升高明显，差别有非常显著性（P＜0．001），CCP、η、ALT降低明显，差别有非常显著性（P＜0．001），其余指标无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；富氧后运动后SV、CCP、η、mAP、BV、ALT较运动前均降低，差别有显著性（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），P、BK、TPR、PAWP均升高明显，差别有非常显著性（P＜0．001）；结论：高原富氧室可改善劳动者缺氧，增强心功能，提高劳动效率，是一种较理想的高原供氧途径。     

Self-reported reactive and regulative temperament in early adolescence: relations to internalizing and externalizing problem behavior and "Big Three" personality factors

The present study examined the relations between self-reported reactive and regulative temperament factors and psychopathological symptoms and personality traits in a group of non-clinical youths aged 9-13 years (N=208). Results showed that the reactive temperament factor of negative affectivity was positively associated with internalizing and externalizing symptoms, whereas the regulative temperament factor of effortful control was negatively related to such symptoms. Further analyses provided some support for the notion that in particular the combination of high negative affectivity and low effortful control was associated with high symptom levels. Results also revealed specific relations between lower-order temperament traits and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. That is, fear and (low) attention control appeared to be more clearly associated with internalizing symptoms, whereas anger/frustration and (low) activation and inhibitory control were more convincingly linked to externalizing symptoms. Finally, relations with the "Big Three" personality traits were as anticipated, with high positive correlations between negative affectivity and extraversion/surgency and their Eysenckian counterparts of neuroticism and extraversion, respectively.     

Asthma Mortality Rates Among California Youths

Asthma mortality rates for California youths (ages 5-17 years) were examined over the period 1981-1995. Data were analyzed by Poisson regression from the California Departments of Vital Statistics, Finance, and the U.S. Census Bureau. Aggregate statewide mortality demonstrated a 2.01%, statistically insignificant, upward trend without geographic clustering. Stratified race/ ethnicity rates differed significantly, with African-American mortality twice that of the Caucasian population. In addition, an increased number of deaths occurred in households of African-Americans, Caucasians (including Hispanics), and Hispanics with incomes below statewide medians. This study on California youths differs from reports on larger populations with its minimal aggregate increase in asthma mortality, yet mirrors national trends of disproportionate impact on African-Americans and the economically disadvantaged.     

2387例19岁以下城市人群QRS波群与T波平均心电轴分析

为探讨青少年儿童心电图额面、横面QRS波群和T波平均心电轴与性别、年龄的关系,分析2387例19岁以下健康人群的心电图。结果显示:(1)额面QRS波群平均心电轴,男性与年龄增长无关,女性则随年龄增长而逐渐变小(电轴左移)。(2)额面T波平均心电轴,16岁以下的男性及10岁以下的女性随年龄增长而逐渐变大(电轴右移)。(3)横面QRS波群平均心电轴,男性及13岁以下的女性随年龄增长而变小(电轴后移)。(4)横面T波平均心电轴,男性及16岁以下的女性随年龄增长而逐渐增大(电轴前移)。(5)T_Ⅱ>T_Ⅰ和Tv_1>Tv_5(Tv_6)二种综合征在男性青少年中出现率较高,且符合T波平均心电轴的演变规律,认为此现象可能是青少年心电图的正常变异。     

Screen time and metabolic syndrome among expatriate adolescents in the United Arab Emirates

BackgroundBoth screen time and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with health outcomes. However, limited data exist on the association between screen time and MetS among expatriate adolescents living in United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional school-based study on 473 expatriate adolescents (47% girls) aged 12–18 years in Al-Ain district of Abu Dhabi Emirates in the UAE. Data was collected with the expertise of trained nurses & IDF criteria was used to define MetS. Information on screen time (computer, television, and video game use combined) during a regular day was self-reported, and divided into two categories: <2, or ≥2 h per day. Using logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association between screen time and MetS.ResultsA high proportion of adolescents (75.3%) spent ≥2 h daily on screen. The prevalence of MetS was 8.5% in those with <2 h per day of screen time compared with 13.5% in those who reported ≥2 h per day. There was a graded positive association between screen time and MetS (P-trend = 0.01). Each hour increase in screen time was associated with 21% (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08–1.35) greater likelihood of having MetS. The adjusted OR value associated with ≥2 h of daily screen time was 2.20 (95% CI, 1.04–4.67), compared with adolescents who spent less than 2 h of daily screen time.ConclusionHigher screen time by expatriate adolescents was associated with increased likelihood of having MetS.     

The association of sexual orientation with self-rated health,and cigarette and alcohol use in Mexican adolescents and youths

Evidence of health inequities associated with sexual orientation has been gathered for industrialized countries. The situation for lesbians, gay males, and bisexuals (LGB) from middle- or low-income countries may be worse than those in industrialized nations. Here, we analyze the relationship of sexual orientation with self-rated health and cigarette and alcohol use among a representative sample of Mexican adolescents and youths between the ages of 12 and 29 years, in order to explore whether this association is mediated by discrimination and violence. Three dimensions of sexual orientation (affective attraction, sexual behavior, and identity) were assessed. The outcomes were self-rated health and cigarette and alcohol use. Compared to heterosexuals, LGB youths more frequently smoked ≥6 cigarettes per day, reported having experienced family violence, having crimes perpetrated against them, and having experienced violations of their rights. Among males, gays and bisexuals exhibited a higher risk of poor health than heterosexuals. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians and bisexual women were more likely to consume alcohol. Many differences in self-rated health and substance use according to sexual orientation were explained by having experienced discrimination and violence. We concluded that lesbian and bisexual females have a higher prevalence of cigarette and alcohol use. It is necessary to develop policies and programs aimed at the reduction of substance abuse among LGB youths (focusing on females who engage in sexual contact with persons of the same gender) and to work against discrimination and violence experienced by LGB people, particularly against non-heterosexual males.     

60例军校男女学员ASSR测试研究

目的旨在观察正常年轻人多频稳态诱发电位（ASSR）测试的正常值特点。方法对60例第一军医大学学员行ASSR、ABR和电测听测试，比较男．女及左、右耳测试值的差异。结果ASSR0．5kHz、1kHz、2kHz、4kHz测试值均数与纯音听闻均数各频率的差值分别为13．86dBHL、14．63dBHL、13．06dBHL．15．28dBHL；ASSR0．5kHz、1kHz、2kHz、4KHz测试值均数与ABRV波反应阈的差值分别为6．14dBHL、5．37dBHL、6．94dBHL、4．72dBHL；男、女学员ASSR测试值比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论ASSR正常值不受性别．耳别的影响；用ASSR测试值来推断预估纯音听阈．ABRV波反应阈要综合考虑各频率的差值。     

青年人正常牙左右侧同名牙牙动度的对比研究

目的　分析青年人左右侧同名牙牙动度参数是否有双侧对称性。方法　使用自行研制的FX - 1型牙动度测量系统 ,对 2 0 0名汉族青年人左右侧同名牙牙动度测量 ,得出参数范围 ,对比分析其有无差异。结果　诸参数中 ,Q、R、S值因受系统本身误差及外界实验条件干扰的影响不够稳定 ,且两侧同名牙对比有显著的统计学差异。而TM、K值稳定性好 ,统计学上差异不显著。结论　TM、K等参数值被证明重复性好 ,有明显的双侧对称性 ,是反映临床牙动度的较为稳定的指标。