Effectiveness and Superiority of Rehabilitative Treatments in Enhancing Motor Recovery Within 6 Months Poststroke: A Systemic Review

Objective

To investigate the effects of various rehabilitative interventions aimed at enhancing poststroke motor recovery by assessing their effectiveness when compared with no treatment or placebo and their superiority when compared with conventional training program (CTP).

Expérimentation animale,peut-on s’en passer ?

Animal experiment is a subject of controversies. Some people, defenders of animals, think that it is not acceptable to use for scientific purposes at the risk of making them suffer or assert that the results obtained with animals are not transposable in the human beings. Others, in particular researchers in biology or medicine, think that the animal models are essential for the biomedical search. This confrontation of the opinions bases largely on an evolution of the place of animals in our society. The regulations authorize the use of animals for scientific purposes but oblige to make it under restrictive conditions. The application of 3Rs — replacement, reduction, and refinement — expressed in 1959 by Russel and Burch is an ethical guide to improve the welfare of animals in research. The alternative methods do not allow, in the present state of the knowledge, to answer all the scientific questions in biology and medicine research. They are, most of the time, complementary methods of the in vivo methods.     

Participation in mindfulness-based stress reduction is not associated with reductions in emotional eating or uncontrolled eating

The adverse health effects and increasing prevalence of obesity in the United States make interventions for obesity a priority in health research. Diet-focused interventions generally do not result in lasting reductions in weight. Behavioral interventions that increase awareness of eating cues and satiety have been postulated to result in healthier eating habits. We hypothesized that participation in a program called mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) would positively influence the eating behaviors and nutritional intake of participants through changes in emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE), and type and quantity of food consumed. Forty-eight veterans at a large urban Veterans Administration medical center were assessed before MBSR, after MBSR, and 4 months later. For all participants (N = 48), MBSR participation was not associated with significant changes in EE or UE. In addition, there were no significant differences in the intake of energy, fat, sugar, fruit, or vegetables at either follow-up time point as compared with baseline. Enhanced mindfulness skills and reduced depressive symptoms were seen over time with medium to large effect sizes. Changes in mindfulness skills were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in EE and UE over time. Overall, there was no evidence that participation in MBSR was associated with beneficial changes in eating through reductions in disinhibited eating or significant changes in dietary intake. Randomized studies are needed to further define the relationship between mindfulness program participation and eating behaviors.     

Fracture separation of the lower humeral epiphysis due to birth injury: a case report

A case of traumatic separation of the lower humeral epiphysis due to birth injury is reported. In the past 20 years, only 3 similar cases have been reported in the English literature. Following a manipulative reduction and immobilization of the arm in a collar and cuff for 3 weeks the baby made an uneventful recovery. When seen 10 months after injury, the baby had regained full movements of the elbow except for the last 10 ° of extension.     

Uptake of styrene in the upper respiratory tract of the CD mouse and Sprague-Dawley rat.

Inspired styrene is an olfactory toxicant in the mouse and rat. To provide nasal dosimetric information, upper respiratory tract (URT) uptake efficiency (UE) of styrene was measured in the surgically isolated URT of the urethane-anesthetized CD mouse and Sprague Dawley rat throughout a 45-min exposure. In the first studies, the effect of inspiratory flow rate on styrene UE was examined. At flows of 12-, 24-, or 70-ml/min average UE of 17, 9.8, and 4.1%, respectively, were observed in the mouse. For the rat, UE averaged 14, 9.1 and 5.7% at flow rates of 70, 150, and 400 ml/min, respectively. In the second study, UE was measured at inspired concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm at a flow rate of 12 ml/min in the mouse and 70 ml/min in the rat in both naive and metyrapone (150 mg/kg sc) pretreated animals. In the rat, steady state UE decreased with increasing exposure concentration, averaging between 24 and 10% efficiency at 5 to 200 ppm (p < 0.0001). Metyrapone pretreatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in UE with steady-state UE averaging 10-14% at 5-200 ppm. Metyrapone pretreatment abolished the concentration dependence. In naive mice, styrene UE did not maintain a steady state, but steadily declined during exposure. The mechanisms of the non-steady state behavior are not known, but they appear to be due to a styrene metabolite, as evidenced by the fact that steady-state UE was observed in metyrapone-pretreated mice. In the mouse, UE averaged between 42 and 10% efficiency at 5 to 200 ppm (p < 0.0001). Metyrapone pretreatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in UE, with steady state UE averaging 20-10% at 5-200 ppm. As in the rat, metyrapone pretreatment abolished the concentration dependence. In toto, these data provide strong evidence that inspired styrene is metabolized in nasal tissues in the rat and mouse and that a metabolic basis exists for the observed inspired concentration dependence of UE.     

高度近视白内障超声乳化术69例临床分析

目的　通过对高度近视白内障超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术的临床总结 ,分析高度近视白内障超声乳化术后视力的影响因素。方法　对 6 9例 (93眼 )眼轴 >2 6mm的高度近视并发白内障患者施行角膜内隧道切口超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入术。结果　术后 1个月裸眼视力≥ 0 4者 5 5只眼 (5 9 14 % ) ,矫正视力≥ 0 4者 6 7只眼 (72 0 4 % )。结论　高度近视并发白内障行超声乳化摘除及人工晶体植入 ,能够有效提高患者视力 ,手术安全 ,疗效可靠     

超声弹性成像与BI-RADS-US诊断不同类型乳腺肿物的应用价值

目的 探讨超声弹性成像(UE)与BI-RADS-US分类在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取2014年7月至2016年7月在海口市中医院就诊的乳腺肿块患者89例,共计134个病灶,均进行二维超声及弹性成像检查,分别行BI-RADS-US分类、UE评分及面积比诊断.结果 89例134个乳腺肿块中,良性41例62个肿块,恶性48例72个肿块;BI-RADS-US分级诊断恶性乳腺肿块的灵敏度为84.72%,特异度为74.19%,准确性为79.85%;UE评分诊断恶性乳腺肿块的灵敏度为86.11%,特异度为87.10%,准确性为86.57%;恶性病灶面积比值为(1.68±0.54),明显高于良性病灶(P<0.05),UE面积比值ROC曲线下面积为0.832(P<0.05),面积比值1.30为最佳诊断界点.灵敏度为81.94%,特异度为70.97%,准确性为76.87%.结论 BI-RADS-US、UE评分及面积比值诊断乳腺肿块良恶性有较好的应用价值,在临床实践中可作为重要的参考指标.     

Virtual Reality for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Subacute and Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of reinforced feedback in virtual environment (RFVE) treatment combined with conventional rehabilitation (CR) in comparison with CR alone, and to study whether changes are related to stroke etiology (ie, ischemic, hemorrhagic).

Agreement of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound and Clinical Assessment of Shoulder Impairment in Manual Wheelchair Users With Various Duration of Spinal Cord Injury

Objectives

To determine (1) agreement of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) findings of shoulder pathology and related shoulder special test results in individuals with varied durations of manual wheelchair (MWC) use after spinal cord injury (SCI); and (2) whether shoulder musculoskeletal impairments, per MSK-US and clinical examination, differed in individuals with SCI and varying durations of MWC use.