Intraosseous ganglion about to cause a fracture of the glenoid: a case report

Intraosseous ganglia of the glenoid are rare, and their etiology is unknown. This report describes a case of an intraosseous ganglion about to cause fracture of the glenoid. The patient was a 61-year-old woman with a painful left shoulder with a limited range of motion. Her symptoms did not improve after non-operative treatment. Arthroscopic examination showed a cartilage defect and erosion in the posteroinferior portion of the glenoid, behind which computed tomography (CT) showed a cystic lesion of the glenoid. There was no communication between the cyst and the joint space. The patient was treated by curettage and an autogenous cancellous bone graft from the iliac crest. Two years after the operation, the patient was almost free from pain, and CT showed good integration of the bone graft.     

肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位的外科治疗

目的　探讨肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位的解剖学基础及外科治疗方法。方法　 1 992年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 1月收治肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位 7例。骨折部位 :解剖颈骨折 2例 ,其中 1例合并喙突骨折 ;外科颈骨折 5例 ,合并肩胛冈骨折 2例 ,合并体部骨折 1例。 7例中合并肱骨头脱位 1例 ,合并肱骨头半脱位 6例 ,7例均行切开复位 ,钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果　本组随访时间为 1个月～ 8年 ,7例肩胛骨颈部骨折愈合时间在 6～ 9周。 6例术后功能恢复优良。结论肩胛骨颈部构造特殊 ,手术切开复位内固定适用于不稳定性骨折 ,钢板螺丝钉可有效地对骨折进行固定     

多层螺旋CT和MRI测量肩胛盂斜倾角的互补性初探

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多平面重组(MPR)及MRI测量肩胛盂斜倾角的互补性.方法 收集成人肩胛骨干标本22侧及肩关节防腐湿标本24侧,用16层螺旋CT扫描仪扫描,多平面重组重建肩胛骨并测量肩胛盂斜倾角,得数据A组.收集MRI检查正常的肩关节病例50侧,取其斜冠状位T1WI显示肩锁关节的层面测量肩胛盂斜倾角,得数据B组.进行统计学处理.结果 肩胛盂斜倾角最小值91.10°,最大值118.50°,A、B 2组肩胛盂斜倾角数据分别为101.14°±4.66°和104.05°±7.72°.2种测量方法肩胛盂斜倾角值统计学上有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 MSCT的MPR法测量肩胛盂斜倾角与MRI测量值不同,前者略小于后者;MSCT和MRI 2种测量肩胛盂斜倾角方法结合具有重要的应用价值.     

Giant aneurysmal bone cyst of the scapula: A case report

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone tumor affecting mainly children and young adults. It occurs in the metaphysis of the long bones. The scapula is a very rare location. Imaging may be highly suggestive of ABC in cases of an osteolytic, expansive, and hemorrhagic lesion with fluid-fluid levels and thin septa. The diagnosis must systematically be confirmed by performing a biopsy, in order to adopt the best therapeutic strategy. There are several therapeutic means, but wide resection remains the gold standard. The evolution is very variable and can go from spontaneous healing to recurrence with the destruction of the bone. We report a rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the scapula in a young patient.     

The effects of exercise type and elbow angle on vertical ground reaction force and muscle activity during a push-up plus exercise

Background

Proper alignment of the scapula during upper extremity motion is important in maintaining shoulder joint function and health. Push-up plus exercise is considered as one of the best exercise to strengthen the muscles that stabilize the scapula. The purpose of the study is to examine the effects of push-up plus variants and elbow position on vertical ground reaction force and electromyographical activity of four shoulder muscles during concentric contraction.

Methods

A total of 22 healthy subjects volunteered for the study. Each of the subjects performed both modified and traditional push-up plus. Modified push-up plus was performed with both knees and hands touching the ground while the traditional push-up plus was executed with hands and feet contacting the ground. Electromyography (EMG) of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (INFRA), and serratus anterior (SA), and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) were collected.

Results

The traditional push-up plus exhibited higher EMG activity in all muscles tested (P < .05) and vertical ground reaction force (P < .001) compared to modified push-up plus. The highest difference in EMG activity between the two exercises was observed with the Serratus Anterior muscle (22%). Additionally, the traditional push-up plus presented a higher vGRF compared to the modified push-up plus (P < .001) by 17%. The SA had the greatest EMG activity compared to the other muscles tested during the concentric phase of the traditional push-up plus, and this did not occur during the plus phase of the exercise.

Conclusion

The highest activity of the serratus anterior occurred at 55° of elbow extension during the concentric phase of the traditional PUP and not at the plus phase of the exercise. This suggests that when prescribing an exercise to target the serratus anterior, a traditional push-up is adequate and the plus-phase is not necessary. However, for patients that cannot perform a traditional push-up, the modified push-up plus would be a great alternative to strengthen their serratus anterior.     

双入路双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折

目的 探讨双入路切开复位双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折的近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2010年9月采用双入路切开复位内固定治疗并获完整随访的13例肩胛颈骨折患者资料,男10例,女3例;年龄19 ～52岁,平均35.3岁.按Euler等分型方法将肩胛颈骨折分为:解剖颈骨折3例,外科颈骨折10例(A型7例,B型3例).所有患者均使用3.5 mm重建钛板和螺钉固定.通过肩胛骨前位X线片测量肩胛盂成角和盂极角(GPA).末次随访时根据Constant-Murley评分和Herscovici功能评分评定肩关节功能. 结果 13例患者术后获6～ 37个月(平均16.2个月)随访.骨折复位质量:解剖复位11例,接近解剖复位2例.术后7～9d切口均一期愈合.术后平均肩胛盂成角(27.1°)与GPA(36.2°)均较术前(55.1°、17.1°)有所改善.骨折临床愈合时间为6～12周,平均8周.末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为79.6分(54 ～ 95分),其中优9例,良3例,差1例;Herscovici功能评分平均为14.7分(12～16分):优8例,良2例,可2例,差1例.无肩胛上动脉神经损伤、感染、血肿形成等并发症发生. 结论 双入路切开复位双重建钛板内固定治疗不稳定型肩胛颈骨折可达到解剖复位、稳定内固定和满意的近期疗效.     

Does scapular corrective taping alter periscapular muscle activity and 3-dimensional scapular kinematics? A systematic review

Study DesignThis is a systematic review.IntroductionScapular taping is widely used in the management of scapular dysfunction. However, its effects on the scapular kinematics and the electromyography (EMG) activity of the periscapular muscles are not clear.Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of the study was to systematically review the current literature to examine whether scapular corrective taping alters the EMG activity of the periscapular muscles and the 3-dimensional scapular kinematics.MethodMEDLINE and Web of Science databases were searched using specific mesh terms up to April 2018. A hand search was also conducted on the reference list of the included articles. A total of 157 studies were identified, and they were further analyzed for the eligibility to the systematic review. Studies that investigated the effects of scapular corrective taping on the EMG activity of the periscapular muscles and on the 3-dimensional scapular kinematics on patients with shoulder problems or asymptomatic subjects were eligible for the systematic review. The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care criteria were modified and used for the risk-of-bias assessment.ResultsEleven articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Five studies investigated the effects of corrective taping on the scapular kinematics and 8 studies reported the effects of corrective taping on the EMG activity of the periscapular muscles. There was an agreement among the studies that scapular upward rotation is increased with the corrective taping, while there are inconsistent results concerning the scapular external rotation and posterior tilt. In addition, studies mostly reported that corrective taping decreases the activity of the upper trapezius, while it has conflicting effects on the activity patterns of other periscapular muscles.DiscussionScapular corrective taping was found to increase the scapular upward rotation; however, its effects on scapular external rotation and posterior tilt are controversial. It was also found that corrective taping might decrease the EMG activity of the upper trapezius, while it had no effects on the activity of lower trapezius, and its effects on other periscapular muscles were controversial.ConclusionThe results of the studies indicated that scapular corrective taping might alter the 3-dimensional scapular kinematics, while there are controversies about the effects of corrective taping on the EMG activity of the periscapular muscles. Further studies are needed to clarify the conflicts.