The surgical management of resistant club foot by rotation skin flap and extensive soft tissue release

Summary Resistant club foot remains an unsolved problem because of the complex aetiological and pathological factors, and is still seen quite frequently, especially in developing countries. The posteromedial skin contracture is a potent deforming force which is responsible for many failures or relapses. I report the results of an operation in which a rotation skin flap was combined with an extensive soft-tissue release. The age of the children was from 9 months to 10 years. The follow-up period was from one to 9 years with an average of 43 months, and in 50 cases for more than 5 years. I consider that the outcome has been excellent or good in 94 out of 100 feet.

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Résumé Le pied bot invétéré demeure un problème mal résolu en raison de la complexité des facteurs étiologiques et anatomiques et il est encore bien souvent rencontré, notamment dans les pays en voie de développement. La rétraction cutanée postéro-interne représente un puissant élément de la déformation, qui est responsable de bon nombre d'échecs ou de récidives. Nous rapportons les résultats d'une opération qui associe un lambeau cutané de rotation à la libération des parties molles. L'âge des enfants était compris entre neuf mois et dix ans. Le recul est de un à neuf ans, avec une moyenne de 43 mois. Cinquante enfants ont été suivis plus de cinq ans. Les résultats sont excellents ou bons dans 94% des cas.

     

Perceiving a stable world during active rotational and translational head movements

When a person moves through the world, the associated visual displacement of the environment in the opposite direction is not usually seen as external movement but rather as a changing view of a stable world. We measured the amount of visual motion that can be tolerated as compatible with the perception of moving within a stable world during active, sinusoidal, translational and rotational head movement. Head movements were monitored by means of a low-latency, mechanical head tracker and the information was used to update a helmet-mounted visual display. A variable gain was introduced between the head tracker and the display. Ten subjects adjusted this gain until the visual display appeared stable during sinusoidal yaw, pitch and roll head rotations and naso-occipital, inter-aural and dorso-ventral translations at 0.5 Hz. Each head movement was tested with movement either orthogonal to or parallel with gravity. A wide spread of gains was accepted as stable (0.8 to 1.4 for rotation and 1.1 to 1.8 for translation). The gain most likely to be perceived as stable was greater than that required by the geometry (1.2 for rotation; 1.4 for translation). For rotational motion, the mean gains were the same for all axes. For translation there was no effect of whether the movement was inter-aural (mean gain 1.6) or dorso-ventral (mean gain 1.5) and no effect of the relative orientation of the translation direction relative to gravity. However translation in the naso-occipital direction was associated with more closely veridical settings (mean gain 1.1) and narrower standard deviations than in other directions. These findings are discussed in terms of visual and non-visual contributions to the perception of an earth-stable environment during active head movement.     

Efficacy of myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy in improving function in shoulder pathology with prolonged immobilization: A randomized,single-blind,controlled trial

BackgroundThe best physiotherapeutic approach in shoulder pathology that generates prolonged immobilization is still uncertain. Kinesitherapy remains the most widely used option. Myofascial therapy is a therapeutic approach in which the aim is to release fascial tension and regain mobility although its efficacy in shoulder pathology has not been sufficiently studied. This Prospective, single-blind randomized controlled trial in a university hospital setting aimed to compare the efficacy of myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy in improving function in shoulder pathology with prolonged immobilization.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to a control group or to the intervention group.Both groups completed a therapeutic exercise program. Main Outcome Measures: The QuickDash questionnaire was the primary outcome, Pain Visual Analog Scale and the Range Of Motion of the shoulder were the secondary outcomes. The outcomes were evaluated at baseline (T0), at 4 (T2), 8 (T2), and 12 weeks (T3)Results44 participants were included. In the analysis of evolution over time, a significant improvement in functionality and range of motion measurements was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), although at 12 weeks only Myofasical Group achieved a clinically and statistically significant reduction in pain. Comparative analysis at 12 weeks revealed no statistically significant differences between the two therapies in the variables explored.ConclusionsBoth, myofascial therapy and kinesitherapy can improve function, mobility, and pain in patients with painful shoulder associated with prolonged immobilization, with no significant differences between therapies, although in the medium term only myofascial therapy achieves a clinically and statistically significant improvement in pain.Trial registrationTrial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04944446.     

Rotational behaviour and cGMP responses following manipulation of nigral mechanisms with chlordiazepoxide

Summary Unilateral stereotaxic injections of 1 g of the soluble benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride into the predominantly GABA-containing zona reticulata of the substantia nigra of amphetamine-pretreated rats induced rotational behaviour similar to that seen following unilateral elevation of nigral GABA levels and amphetamine treatment; this effect was not seen following injections into the vicinity of the predominantly dopamine-containing zona compacta. Chlordiazepoxide-induced rotations were abolished by the GABA-antagonist picrotoxin. Both chlordiazepoxide and GABA depressed production of cyclic 3,5-guanosine monophosphate in samples of nigral tissue in vitro as estimated by radioimmunoassay. It is concluded that chlordiazepoxide may enhance GABA transmission within the substantia nigra, by some as yet unidentified mechanism, to create asymmetric activity in GABA-modulated neurones and hence induce rotation.     

姜半夏对大鼠抗运动病作用的实验研究

目的 研究姜半夏对大鼠抗运动病作用的效果。 方法 用旋转器对姜半夏组和对照组大鼠(各6只)进行变速旋转刺激1小时,分别记录两组大鼠连续两天异嗜高岭土的总量并作统计学分析比较。 结果 两组大鼠均出现异嗜高岭土行为,表明旋转刺激可诱发大鼠运动病。姜半夏组大鼠异嗜高岭土量明显少于对照组(P <0.05)。 结论 姜半夏具有一定的抗运动病作用。     

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Innominate Bone Rotation in Female Patients with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

BackgroundPatients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) are known to have abnormal pelvic morphologies; however, rotation of innominate bone features remains unclear. Thus, we investigated innominate bone rotation in patients with DDH by measuring the associated angles and distances using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography.MethodsWe defined four straight lines in pelvic 3D models: from the anterior superior iliac spine to the posterior superior iliac spine, from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the posterior inferior iliac spine, from the pubic tubercle to the ischial spine, and from the pubic tubercle to the ischial tuberosity. Similarly, we measured the angles formed by these lines using the vertical axis of the anterior pelvic plane on the horizontal plane and the horizontal axis on the sagittal plane. Additionally, we measured the distances between the femoral head centers and the acetabular centers in the coronal plane.ResultsThe difference in internal rotation angle between the superior and inferior parts of the iliac bone was significantly lower, by approximately 1.7°, in the DDH group than in the control group (p = 0.007); the difference between the inferior and superior parts of the ischiopubic bone was significantly higher, by approximately 1.5°, in the DDH group (p < 0.001). In the sagittal plane, the sum of the superior aspect of the iliac bone and the inferior aspect of the ischium was significantly lower in the DDH group (p = 0.001) than in the control group. The distances between the femoral heads and the acetabula were significantly greater in the DDH group than in the control group (p = 0.03, p < 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with DDH had a more internally rotated ilium and ischiopubic bone than normal individuals; however, it should be emphasized that internal rotation was reduced near the acetabulum, and the acetabulum was shifted laterally. Similarly, it was shown that patients with DDH had different rotations of the ilium and ischiopubic bone in the sagittal plane.     

Pavlovian conditioning between co-administered drugs: elicitation of an apomorphine-induced antiparkinsonian response by scopolamine

Sprague-Dawley rats with unilateral 6-OHDA substantia nigra lesions were given combined scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg IP) and apomorphine (0.05 mg/kg SC) treatments. In this animal model, scopolamine, when administered separately, induces ipsilateral rotation and apomorphine, contralateral rotation. When these drugs are co-administered at 0.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg dose levels, respectively, animals rotate in the contralateral direction, creating the opportunity for the stimulus effect of scopolamine to become associated with the response effect of apomorphine. In tests with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), animals that previously had scopolamine and apomorphine co-administered rotated contralaterally in the test chamber, thereby behaving as if they had received apomorphine. Thus, scopolamine exhibited a functionally acquired conditioned stimulus (CS) property by eliciting the apomorphine response of contralateral rotation as a conditioned response. This acquired CS property was extinguished with separate scopolamine trials and reacquired following one scopolamine-apomorphine co-administration trial.     

超声斑点追踪显像技术评价正常人左室扭转运动

目的应用二维超声斑点追踪显像技术（STI）探讨正常人左室旋转（LVrot）和左室扭转（LVtw）运动特点,分析其与常规左室收缩功能参数之间的关系及年龄、心率等生理因素对其影响,评价左室运动同步性。方法50例健康志愿者为研究对象,经胸采集标准短轴左室心尖位、心底位的图像并存储,运用EchoPAC超声工作站进行脱机分析。计算左室心尖位旋转角度、心底位旋转角度、左室扭转峰值及相应达峰时间。结果（1）正常人扭转运动主要表现为心底位顺时针旋转和心尖位逆时针旋转,心脏整体表现为心动周期内逆时针方向为主的扭转运动。（2）正常人左室射血分数（LVEF）、短轴缩短率（FS）与左室扭转峰值（peak tw ist,Ptw）呈正相关（r=0.468和0.456,P均〈0.05）。（3）年龄与Ptw呈正相关（β=0.320,P〈0.05）,其中Ⅱ组Ptw（14.55±3.94）°高于Ⅰ组Ptw（12.52±4.63）°（P〈0.05）。心率、、性别、身高、体重与Ptw无相关性（P〉0.05）。（4）心尖位和心底位旋转角度达峰时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论STI技术可无创评估正常人左室旋转和扭转运动特点。常规左室收缩功能参数LVEF、FS与Ptw正相关。临床应用扭转参数评价左室收缩功能时应考虑年龄因素的影响。左室心尖位和心底位旋转角度达峰时间可作为评价左室运动同步性指标之一。     

超声斑点追踪显像技术评价扩张型心肌病左室扭转特点

目的应用超声斑点追踪显像技术（STI）探讨扩张型心肌病患者（DCM）左室旋转（LVrot）和左室扭转（LVtw）运动特点及左室运动同步性,分析其与常规左室收缩功能参数的关系。方法选择24例DCM患者及与之年龄匹配的24例正常人为研究对象,经胸采集标准短轴左室心尖位、心底位的图像并存储,运用EchoPAC超声工作站进行脱机分析。计算左室心尖位旋转角度、心底位旋转角度、左室扭转峰值及相应达峰时间。结果 DCM患者扭转运动主要表现为心底位顺时针旋转和心尖位逆时针旋转,心脏整体表现为心动周期内逆时针方向为主的扭转运动,正常人也主要表现为心底位顺时针旋转和心尖位逆时针旋转及心脏整体逆时针方向为主的扭转运动。但DCM患者左室扭转峰值[（4.62±1.55）°/（13.85±2.77）°,P〈0.001]显著减低。DCM患者左室扭转峰值（peak tw ist,Ptw）与左室射血分数（LVEF）正相关（r=0.534,P〈0.05）。DCM患者心尖位和心底位旋转角度达峰时间不一致,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 DCM在短轴方向表现为左室旋转和扭转运动减低及整体运动不同步的特点。Ptw减低显示左室收缩功能减低,Ptw与常规左室收缩功能参数LVEF正相关。     

髋臼横韧带定位髋臼假体前倾校正骨盆旋转

目的通过观察后外侧入路全髋关节置换术中骨盆的旋转变化，探讨术中骨盆旋转对髋臼假体前倾角植入的影响，评估使用髋臼横韧带作髋臼假体前倾定位的准确性以及对骨盆旋转角度变化的校正作用。 方法2015年1月至2016年1月河池市第三人民医院关节外科收治的行初次THA的40例44髋的髋关节疾病患者纳入本研究。纳入标准为：初次THA术的患者，术前、术后CT扫描质量符合标准、能确定髋臼解剖前倾角、髋臼假体前倾角的患者。排除标准：髋臼发育不良、强直性脊柱炎、既往有髋关节严重创伤手术史以及翻修术等，术前、术后双髋关节CT扫描，CT横断面上骨盆明显倾斜、两侧髋关节的中心显示明显不在同一层面、难以确定水平线测量前倾角的患者，予以排除。手术均采用侧卧位后外侧入路，切皮前将1枚施氏针以垂直于地面方向打入髂骨嵴，术中髋臼假体的前倾角，以髋臼横韧带为参照标志，通过直接参照或间接参照髋臼横韧带进行髋臼挫磨及安装臼杯，使髋臼假体开口平行韧带进行安放，在此过程中用摄像机记录施氏针相对于地面的角度变化，确定手术过程中骨盆旋转度数，同时测量并记录挫磨髋臼及安放假体时，相对于身体长轴髋臼手术前倾角的数值。术后通过CT测量髋臼假体前倾角，对术中手术前倾角和术后髋臼假体的前倾角、术前髋臼解剖前倾角数据进行t检验分析。 结果术中骨盆旋转发生在本研究中的平均度数为(18±4)°。44个髋关节中，所有的病例都能对髋臼横韧带进行辨认，术中手术前倾角平均为(33±5)°，有93%(41髋)的病例大于Lewinnek提出的"安全区"的前倾角上限25°，余下的7%(3个髋)也全部大于24°。术后CT测量髋臼假体的解剖前倾角为(21±10)°，与术前髋臼解剖前倾角度(19±7)°比较，差异无统计学意义(t＝1.264，P >0.05)。 结论在后外侧入路THA术中，体位改变骨盆前旋转会影响髋臼假体植入的准确性，使用髋臼横韧带作为解剖标志指导髋臼假体前倾角度的植入，可以排除患者体位改变骨盆旋转对前倾角的影响，提高髋臼假体放置的准确性。