骨样骨瘤的影像学诊断:X线平片与CT常规横断位及MPR比较

目的:比较常规X线平片、多层螺旋CT常规横断位及多平面重组(multi-planar reformation,MPR)在骨样骨瘤诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析41例骨样骨瘤病人在X线平片、CT常规横断位及MPR图像上的表现及其对瘤巢及瘤巢内钙化显示能力。结果:41例病灶均表现为一圆形或卵圆形的透亮区,其周围有不同程度的骨质硬化。41例中仅8例在X线平片上能显示瘤巢,瘤巢显示率为19.5%(8/41);所有检查者均清楚显示瘤巢周围骨质硬化,但均不能显示瘤巢内钙化;41例CT横断位图像及MPR图像均能清楚显示瘤巢,18例CT横断位图像能显示瘤巢内钙化,30例病人在MPR图像能显示瘤巢内钙化;横断位CT图像和MPR对瘤巢内钙化显示率分别为43.9%(18/41)和73.2%(30/41)。结论:瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键,CT是显示瘤巢的重要检查方法,MPR图像是显示瘤巢内钙化的最佳方法,有助于做出准确诊断。     

骨肿瘤X线片定量分析系统中的形态参数测量

目的：用客观准确的定量分析方法取代医学科研和临床中传统的主观、不稳定的定性描述方法。方法：对多处骨肿瘤Ｘ光片进行准确的形态参数测量，与临床跟踪随访结果对照。结果：不同程度的骨肿瘤形态参数具有显著差异。结论：对形态参数的定量分析可以为骨肿瘤的早期诊断、治疗和预后提供了科学、可靠的依据。     

Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumours of the Ear

In the recently published 5th Edition of the World Health Organisation Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, there are relatively few changes to report in terms of nomenclature in lesions of ear and temporal bone and fewer developments in molecular pathogenesis in comparison to other sites, particularly in sinonasal tract. Ear and temporal bone tumours are rare and biopsy material is limited. As a result, resources in the literature are scarce with few large series, no controlled clinical trials and the approaches to staging and management are not standardised. New entities are difficult to characterise. The number of entries has, however, increased for tumours of the ear and temporal bone (thirteen) compared to the 4th Edition (eleven). Some lesions previously included in the 4th Edition considered to have no site-specific features have been excluded to be discussed elsewhere and other benign lesions that are specific to this site have been included. The tumours and tumour-like entities of ear and temporal bone are discussed here mindful that the chapter in the 5th edition better correlates disease processes with clinical information and imaging and as far as possible standardises nomenclature.     

骨样骨瘤的影像学诊断

目的 分析骨样骨瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现。方法 搜集经手术病理证实的骨样骨瘤48例，其中男33例，女15例。所有病例均行X线检查，其中同时行CT检查者32例，行MR检查者10例，3种检查方法都进行者8例。分析骨样骨瘤在X线、CT和MRI上的表现及其对瘤巢和瘤巢周围改变的显示能力。结果 48例病灶均表现为一圆形或卵圆形的透亮区，直径为0．4～1．7cm，平均9．7cm，其周围有不同程度的骨质硬化。10例行MR检查者均可见瘤巢周围的软组织、骨髓水肿或关节腔积液。48例X线平片仅37例显示瘤巢，32例行CT检查者均清楚显示瘤巢，X线和CT对瘤巢显示率分别为77％(37／48)和100％(32／32)。10例MR检查者均可作出正确诊断，其中8例能直接判断出瘤巢，另2例需对照平片或CT才能肯定。结论 瘤巢是确诊骨样骨瘤的关键，X线平片仍然是诊断骨样骨瘤的重要检查方法，CT是显示瘤巢的最佳方法，MRI能敏感地显示瘤巢周围骨髓内及软组织的炎性水肿，但可能造成误诊，结合平片或CT可作出准确诊断。     

Calcinosis cutis,osteoma cutis,poikiloderma and skeletal abnormalities (COPS syndrome) — a new entity?

A 4-year-old boy with subcutaneous tumours is described. These tumours were calcified and had secondary osteoma formation. In addition the patient showed poikiloderma on the face and less prominently on arms and legs. X-ray films of the distal metaphyses of the radius, ulna and tibia revealed irregular mineralisation. Repeated laboratory tests revealed no abnormalities of fat, bone and mineral metabolism. This patient showed a unique combination of symptoms. We propose to call this syndrome: COPS-syndrome (Calcinosis cutis,Os-teoma cutis.Poikiloderma andSkeletal abnormalities).     

骨样骨瘤的低场强MRI表现及诊断价值

目的探讨骨样骨瘤的低场强MR I表现及诊断价值。方法经手术病理证实的骨样骨瘤23例,其中男16例,女7例,结合X线、CT表现,着重分析其MR I征象,并与病理结果对照,分析低场强MR I对瘤巢和瘤周结构改变的显示能力。结果骨样骨瘤皮质型14例,髓质型5例,骨膜下型4例,瘤巢呈圆形或类圆形,直径均<2.0 cm,T1W I表现为低或等信号,T2W I表现为不均匀高信号,瘤周显示不同程度的骨质硬化、骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织反应性充血水肿等改变。Gd-DTPA增强扫描,瘤巢大多呈中等-明显强化,瘤周病变轻微强化,无特异性。结论大多数骨样骨瘤的MR I表现具有较为典型的征象,MR I对骨样骨瘤具有较高的诊断价值。     

Intracranial aeroceles as a complication of frontal sinus osteoma

A case of an intracerebral aerocele as a complication of an osteoma in the frontal sinus is reported. The patient had been investigated 7 years earlier for three episodes of idiopathic nocturnal epilepsy. Roentgenograms of the skull at that time showed the presence of a small osteoma within the frontal sinus. Removal of the osteoma was undertaken via a bifrontal approach and repair to the dural defect was made with a temporalis fascia graft. Postoperatively, the patient made a good recovery but developed frequent focal left hemisphere epilepsy. It is our view that sinus osteomas that are incidentally found should be removed before complications arise.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺骨样骨瘤射频消融术

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺骨样骨瘤射频消融术手术方法及临床疗效观察。方法2003年12月至2006年6月共治疗42例术前影像学诊断为骨样骨瘤的患者。男29例，女13例；年龄13-46岁，平均23．6岁；病程15d-2年，平均5个月。病灶部位：股骨近端15例，股骨远端2例，胫骨13例，骨盆7例，肱骨干2例，尺骨鹰嘴1例，跟骨1例，L4椎体1例。在腰麻或臂丛麻醉下行CT定位引导经皮穿刺射频消融术。术中CT扫描层厚为2-4mm，治疗温度90℃持续6min，用直径3．5-4mm穿刺针穿透骨皮质，将有效治疗直径1．5-2．0cm的射频电极准确插入瘤巢中心。随访18-24个月，平均19．5个月。手术前后行MR病灶扫描，进行影像学对比。疼痛视觉类比评分法（visual analoguescore，VAS）作为临床疗效评定参数。结果术后24h所有患者自主下地活动，术后3d-1周疼痛症状明显减轻，术后1个月随访疼痛基本消失。VAS评分明显降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后37例病理结果证实为骨样骨瘤，其余5例因取材失败，病理结果为阴性。术中、术后无严重并发症，治疗成功率93％，末次随访无复发。术后复查MRT2加权像有不同程度信号降低。结论CT定位引导下经皮穿刺射频消融治疗骨样骨瘤是一种简单、微创、安全、高效的技术，射频消融电极针精确到达瘤巢是治疗成功的关键。