海军新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的流行病学调查

查明海军新兵基础训练期间军事训练伤的发生率和分布特征。方法：以整群抽样的方式选取驻粤海军某部参加１９９８年度基础训练的新兵５９２人,对训练中受伤的战士进行病学调查。结果在９０ｄ的训练中,军训伤的累积发生主为２８．２％,开训后第８周为发生高峰,各部位损伤中以下肢的发生率为最高。     

海军基层军医战伤救治培训课程设计与评价

目的 研究创建适合新战场的海军战伤培训模式。方法 设计了舰队基层军医战救技能培训课程,海战伤救治培训课程模块采用了理论授课与专家演示方式进行,基础生命支持采用美国心脏学会标准化模拟教学进行。结果 海战伤救治培训课程模块授课前后测试成绩差异比较有统计学意义,基础生命支持培训课程授课前后测试成绩差异比较有统计学意义,两个模块的课后测试成绩之间差值差异比较有统计学意义。结论 海军基层军医战伤救治意识和能力需要提高,医学模拟教学形式有利于较短时间内掌握战救基本技能和知识,急需建立适应海军基层军医战救培训体系。     

Coping with life-threatening events was associated with better self-perceived health in a naval cross-sectional study

Objective

We studied the relationship between experiencing and coping with life-threatening events and self-perceived health in navy personnel operating mainly under peaceful circumstances.

Methods

The data were collected in a cross-sectional study from a questionnaire sent by mail at the end of 2002 to all employees in the Royal Norwegian Navy (N=3878) as part of a general health study. Both military and civilian personnel with different types of work on ships and ashore participated in the study. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between the number of life-threatening events, occupational status, sex, age, and the extent of putting these events behind. The possible trends between the degree of putting the events behind and each of the eight SF-36 scales were calculated by bivariate correlations.

Results

Military personnel had experienced life-threatening events more often than civilians, but the military personnel appeared 5.5 times more likely to have put such events behind themselves than the civilians. The extent of having put life-threatening events behind oneself was clearly correlated to self-perceived health as measured by the SF-36 subscales bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health. These associations had linear appearances.

Conclusion

Navy personnel who have experienced a life-threatening event and have not been able to put this event behind them are more likely to report a reduced self-perceived health.     

某医院2007-2009年发表医学科技论文统计分析

利用中文生物医学期刊文献数据库(CMCC)、《中国科技论文与引文数据库(CSTPCD)》和ISI Web of Knowl-edge(SCI),对本院2007—2009年发表论文情况和被引用情况统计分析,总结本科研状况和科技论文水平,结合本院科技论文发表和管理实际,从科技论文发表和管理存在的问题、相应的对策等方面,对当前军队医院科技论文管理策略进行了初步分析讨论,为医院在科研工作、学科建设和人才培养等方面提供参考。     

Exercise as a buffer against organizational stress

This field study was designed to examine the impact of an organizationally sponsored exercise program on attitudes and self-perceptions under shipboard conditions. Pre- and postsurvey data were collected from 245 Navy and Marine Corps men participating in either experimental circuit weight-training (N= 111) or control (N=134) groups. Survey measures included: (1) attitudes towards the organization; (2) perceptions of performance, health, self-esteem and stress; and (3) turnover intent. Results indicate that organizational commitment, satisfaction and internal work motivation declined significantly during the study period. Reported job stress decreased significantly during the study for the exercise group while increasing among control group members. No significant (p<0.05) time or group by time effects for indices of self-perception were observed. Findings suggest that organizationally induced stress: (1) affects attitudes towards the organization in a negative direction; and (2) is attenuated somewhat by involvement in an exercise program.     

Medium-dependent properties of mycoplasmas

Without a cell wall, the morphology, growth rate, and composition of mycoplasmas are culture media-dependent with variable properties best desribed as environmentally related. The adaptation of mycoplasmas to either a tissue cell or cell-free culture media, with dependency upon specific animal or plant products for survival, has led to investigations of their human host-related properties. The influence of culture media on the antibiotic sensitivities of mycoplasmas was measured by use of three different broths in two different assay systems. The variable results indicate that the inhibition of mycoplasma protein synthesis or growth may also be host-tissue dependent. The addition of noninhibitory penicillins to different culture media was found to affect the composition and antigenicity of some mycoplasmas. Using the complement fixation test, we found some human sera that were more reactive than rabbit antisera to mycoplasmas cultured in human synovial broth or in myelin-enriched broth. Mycoplasmas cultured in human lung broth and pig lung broth had media-dependent antigenicity. The antigenicity and the growth of mycoplasmas were found to depend on the proteolytic enzymes used to provide the essential peptides in tissue broths. The media-affected mycoplasmas indicate the presence of species-, strain-, and tissue-specific antigen sites that may determine immunopathogenicity in the genetically susceptible host.     

海军招飞心理品质选拔面试检测项目分析

目的 分析海军招飞心理品质选拔面试检测项目,进一步提高海军招飞心理品质选拔质量和效率.方法 对随机抽样的230名飞行学员在飞行学院的飞行成绩进行跟踪调查,对招飞心理品质选拔面试检测成绩进行预测效度分析.结果 徒手体操、跑步变向、跨越障碍、跳绳、拍球写字、模拟飞行、体力、情绪、性格、意志等10个检测项目与驾驶飞行成绩显著...     

海军飞行人员疲劳状况与人格特征相关性研究

目的 探讨海军飞行人员疲劳状况与人格特征的相关性.方法 对548名海军飞行人员采用疲劳评定量表和艾森克个性问卷进行测评分析.结果 海军飞行人员疲劳评定量表因子1、因子2、因子3评分显著低于慢性疲劳综合征患者,因子4评分显著高于慢性疲劳综合征患者(P＜0.01);与健康者相比各因子分差异均无显著性(P＞0.05).不同年龄段海军飞行人员疲劳评定量表各因子分差异均无显著性(P＞0.05);不同战机类型海军飞行人员因子1、因子2评分差异有显著性(P＜0.05或0.01),轰炸机飞行人员因子1评分显著高于歼击机飞行人员,因子2评分显著高于运输机飞行人员;不同专业类型海军飞行人员因子2评分差异有显著性(P＜0.01),机械师显著低于驾驶员和领航员;不同气质类型海军飞行人员疲劳评定量表各因子分差异均有显著性(P＜0.01).海军飞行人员疲劳评定量表因子1评分与艾森克个性问卷各维度评分呈显著相关(P＜0.01),因子2评分与神经质、掩饰性维度评分呈显著相关(P＜0.01),因子3评分与精神质、神经质、掩饰性维度评分呈显著相关(P＜0.05或0.01),因子4评分与精神质、神经质维度评分显著相关(P＜0.01).结论 海军飞行人员疲劳状况与人格特征密切相关.     

海军潜艇某部艇员下腰痛的脊柱功能调查与分析

目的了解潜艇艇员下腰痛的患病及其脊柱功能状况,并分析相关影响因素。方法通过问卷调查海军某潜艇基地现役艇员的一般情况、职业、生活习惯和下腰痛等情况。按照纳入标准确定143例下腰痛艇员,入选者采用疼痛视觉模拟评分法、专项体格检查及改良Oswestry功能障碍指数进行评估。结果所选取的423例艇员中下腰痛143例,占33.81%,腰部疼痛视觉模拟评分法评分以服役年限≥9年组（8.52±0.68）最高,与其他服役年限组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。下腰痛艇员Oswestry功能障碍指数总分（37.92±3.22）分,其影响因素与从事专业、服役年限、病程时间、外伤史有关。结论现役艇员中下腰痛发病率较高,脊柱功能状况差,不适症状明显,应积极开展健康教育,提高艇员对疾病的认知能力,建立健康生活习惯。     

海军官兵人性哲学观及其影响因素分析

目的：研究分析海军群体的人性哲学及其影响因素。方法采用人性的哲学量表（PHN）、人性的哲学修订量表（RPHN）中愤世嫉俗分量表、卡特尔16种人格因素问卷（16PF）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）、生活事件量表（L ES ）,对220名现役海军进行测查。结果不同年龄组的海军官兵在值得信任正性、独立性负性、人性复杂性正性、人性变异性正性这4个因子上差异有统计学意义（ F＝3.479～5.570,P＜0.05）;人性哲学观各因子和个性因素（ r＝－0.378～0.397,P＜0.05）及心理健康（ r＝－0.318～0.245,P＜0.05）均相关;逐步回归分析显示,各因素对海军心理健康贡献大小如下：生活事件负性总分（Beta＝0.365）＞意志力与理性正性（Beta＝－0.188）＞16PF忧虑性（Beta＝0.180）＞16PF幻想性（Beta＝－0.133）＞16PF世故性（Beta＝－0.103）。结论不同年龄段的海军官兵人性哲学观存在一定差异,并且海军官兵的人性观明显受到个性及心理方面的影响,由此可有针对性的对其展开人性哲学观教育,提高其心理健康水平,进而增强部队的战斗力。