小鼠经口投镉的慢性毒性研究——病理形态学改变的探讨

选用昆明种小鼠60只,体重18～24克,随机分成三组,每组20只,雌雄各半。通过饮水染毒。一组正常对照,饮自来水,二组饮30ppm含镉水,三组饮300ppm含镉水,染毒时间三个半月。观察指标:体重增长速度、脏器系数、肝肾中镉含量、重点病理形态学改变(光镜和电镜)。结果,30ppm组小鼠肝肾组织有一定病变,300ppm组小鼠的光镜和电镜的病理形态学改变更为明显。提示,小鼠长期摄入镉可引起一定的损害。     

Captopril and time dependent changes in post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios in remnant kidneys of pre-hypertensive rats

Wilke , W. Lee & Person , A. E. G. 1992. Captopril and time dependent changes in post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios in remnant kidneys of pre-hypertensive rats. Acta Physiol Scand 144 , 253–261. Received 26 June 1991, accepted 8 October 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Physiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Lund, Sweden. Micropuncture experiments were performed on intact and remnant kidneys of male Sprague-Dawley rats before and after angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (0.5 mg kg^-1 iv). Partially nephrectomized rats were studied at 2 and 8 weeks post-surgery before the development of systemic hypertension. At 2 weeks, nephrectomized rats had a numerically higher tubular stop-flow pressure than controls (43 ± 2 mmHg vs. 38 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.08) and a higher post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio (Re/Ra) (0.40 ± 0.03 vs. 0.31± 0.03; P = 0.08). At 8 weeks, stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios were similar in remnant and intact kidneys. Captopril had no effect on stop-flow pressure in 2 week post-surgery nephrectomized rats or either control group, but it increased stop-flow pressure in 8 week post-surgery nephrectomized rats (40 ± 2 to 44 ± 2 mmHg, P= 0.04). This increase in stop-flow pressure was associated with an increase in the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio (0.33 ± 0.02–0.42 ±0.02, P = 0.009). Stop-flow pressure was positively correlated with the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio in 2-week post-surgery nephrectomized rats and their respective controls when combined (r = 0.89, P= 0.0001) and 8-week post-surgery nephrectomized rats and their respective controls combined (r= 0.78, P = 0.0001). Stop-flow pressure was not significantly correlated with mean arterial pressures or welling-point pressures in these groups. We conclude that stop-flow pressure in remnant kidneys of pre-hypertensive rats is primarily determined by the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio, and increases in stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios in remnant kidneys are transient in the absence of systemic hypertension. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in determining the ratio and stop-flow pressure is dependent on time post-nephrectomy. Captopril-induced increases in stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio at 8 weeks, suggests that its primary effect at that time is not a preferential post-gIomerular vasodilation subsequent to reductions in intrarenal angiotensin II.     

Effect of o,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane and perthane in vitro on glutathione reductase activity in the adrenals of dogs and guinea pigs

o,p-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (o,p-DDD) and Perthane, when added in a concentration of 312 M to homogenate and cytoplasmic fraction of dog adrenals, activate glutathione reductase. In a concentration of 156 M, o,p-DDD and Perthane do not affect glutathione reductase activity of the dog adrenals. When given in vitro, o,p-DDD and Perthane activate glutathione reductase of the guinea pig adrenals. o,p-DDD has no effect on glutathione reductase activity of the cytoplasmic fraction of dog liver and kidney, thus confirming the high specificity of its effect on the adrenal cortex.Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kiev. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 159–161, February, 1978.     

An infant case of bilateral small kidneys with both proximal and distal tubular dysfunction

Abstract A male infant with bilateral small kidneys associated with both proximal and distal tubular dysfunction, who showed chronic renal failure soon after birth, is reported. He was also noted to have both proximal and distal type of renal tubular acidosis. The small kidneys were thought to be due to renal hypodysplasia associated with bilateral severe vesicoureteral reflux, by radiological findings. An alkalization therapy with chemo-prophylaxis seemed to be of benefit in slowing the progression of renal failure in this case.     

切割海马伞海马中56 kD差异蛋白的质谱分析

目的:探讨切割海马伞海马中具有生物活性的56kD差异蛋白的组成成份及其功能。方法:切割SD大鼠海马伞后14d海马进行非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(NativePAGE),应用电喷雾质谱分析、蛋白质数据库和文献分析等方法对56kD差异蛋白进行检测和功能分析。结果:质谱分析找到了33组肽段,这些蛋白按照其功能可以分为:细胞骨架蛋白、参与代谢的酶、信号传递、蛋白降解、核酸水解、氧化应激、神经递质运输、突触形成、功能未知蛋白。结论:切割海马伞海马中56kD差异蛋白中含有功能涉及神经干细胞迁移、分化的蛋白质。     

猪肾中砷的氢化物发生原子荧光测定法

目的研究氢化物发生—原子荧光法测定猪肾中砷的适宜条件。方法试验酸介质和还原剂用量对测定砷的影响;选择仪器的最佳工作条件及氢化物发生条件;试验样品中常见元素对砷测定的干扰情况及消除方法。结果在测定条件下,砷的线性范围为0~200μg/L,相关系数达0.999 3以上;检出限为0.14μg/L,回收率在95.5%~101.0%之间,相对标准差(n=7)小于2.7%。结论该试验选用5.0%HCl为介质;样品测定原子化观察高度8 mm;5%硫脲 5%抗坏血酸混合溶液掩弊干扰效果最好。在该工作条件下测定猪肾中的砷,方法灵敏度高,准确度、精密度好。     

四逆汤对肾性高血压大鼠肾及心脑病变的影响

目的探讨四逆汤对高血压大鼠肾及心脑等器官病理学改变的影响。方法取健康雌性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为正常对照组、肾性高血压组、四逆汤治疗组,每组8只。应用双肾动脉夹闭法建立肾性高血压动物模型,应用RBF-2型大鼠尾动脉血压计测量血压。四逆汤治疗组给予四逆汤灌胃4周,肾性高血压组同期给予生理盐水灌胃,正常对照组不做任何处理。观察各组大鼠肾及心脑的组织病理学改变。结果四逆汤治疗组血压降至正常;肾性高血压组大鼠肾、心、脑结构较正常对照组均有不同程度的改变;四逆汤治疗组大鼠肾脏入球小动脉壁厚度较肾性高血压组明显变薄（F=11.086,q=2.82,P〈0.05）,心肌细胞横截面积显著减小（F=13.607,q=2.83,P〈0.05）,脑血管病理改变较对照组无显著性差异。结论四逆汤对高血压具有一定的治疗作用,在降压的同时能够一定程度减轻肾、心、脑的病理改变。     

自然组织谐波成像临床应用的研究

目的：研究自然组织谐波对心内膜显示能力和心内结构清晰度的影响。方法： 采用自然组织谐波成像对６７ 例不同患者经胸二维成像进行对比分析。结果：成像理想的２０ 例患者在自然组织谐波和基波成像条件下其心内膜清晰度和心脏结构显示能力无明显差别。４７例成像困难的患者,自然组织谐波成像能明显提高心内膜显示能力,改善心脏结构清晰度,以心尖切面左室外侧壁和前壁心内膜显示能力提高较明显,尤其心尖四腔心切面图像质量改善最佳。结论： 自然组织谐波成像可提高心内膜显示能力和心脏组织结构清晰度, 但并非适用于任何人。     

应用自然组织谐波和彩色多普勒血流显像技术评价集束电极射频治疗肝癌的早期效果

目的 ＮＴＨＩ及ＣＤＦＩ评价肝部射频治疗术早期效果。方法 应用ＮＴＨＩ和ＣＤＦＩ对行集束电极射频治疗肝癌的３５例患者４７个肿块治疗前后１周瘤体的形态学及血供进行观察。结果 射频术后１周,３５例患者４７个肿块中３１个体积缩小,９个 块大小变化不明显,７个肿块较术前增大。低回声肿块变成等回声或强问声肿块,强回声肿块无变化或变化不均质强回声。术前４２个肿块可测及血流信号,术后１９个血流减少,１４个完全消