Modification by food of the calcium absorbability and physicochemical effects of calcium citrate.

The food-calcium (Ca) interaction was examined in 12 healthy women (mean age 38 years) maintained on a constant metabolic diet. They underwent three phases of study, comprised of control (no Ca), Ca citrate (1 g Ca/day) during meals, and Ca citrate separately from meals. Each phase was 7 days in length and two 24-hour urine samples were collected on days 6 and 7. The rise from the control phase in urinary Ca was slightly more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals than without (68 and 62%, respectively). The fall in urinary phosphorus was equivalent at about 25% between Ca citrate phases. The rise in urinary citrate and pH and the decline in urinary ammonium were more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals; however, the changes were small or nonsignificant. The urinary saturation of Ca oxalate, brushite or monosodium urate did not differ between the two Ca citrate phases. There was a nonsignificant rise in serum iron during Ca citrate phases. The results suggest that: 1) dissolution and absorption of Ca citrate might be slightly greater when given with food than without; 2) that the ability of Ca citrate to attenuate crystallization of stone-forming Ca salts in urine is not modified by food; and 3) that Ca citrate may not impair iron absorption from food.     

Suture pulley countertraction method reduces procedure time and technical demand of endoscopic submucosal dissection among novice endoscopists learning endoscopic submucosal dissection: a prospective randomized ex vivo study

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NASA空间站航天员病症目录分析

目的对NASA空间站病症目录进行分析,为我国空间站医学保障设计和资源配置提供参考。方法对NASA空间探索任务病症清单(space medicine exploration medical condition list,SMEMCL)中的空间站病症进行应对优先情况汇总,并按照相应的标准进行分类及分级处理。结果按照应对优先等级划分,必须处理和酌情处理的病症占绝大多数(82.76%),属于不专项应对病症仅占很少部分。在对病症进行分类及分级后,可见分类中以临床病症占比例最大(82.72%);按照NASA病症分级标准(严重程度分级),属于轻中程度的病症最多(91.36%),极少部分属于严重病症。结论 NASA空间站病症目录详实全面,必须处理和酌情处理的轻中程度临床病症居多;在进行空间站航天员医学保障的设计和相关医学资源的配置时应重点考虑这部分病症,对其余病症适当兼顾。