Endorectal surface coil MR imaging of prostatic carcinoma with the inversion-recovery sequence

The value of inversion-recovery (IR) sequences in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was studied. Twenty-six patients with carcinoma of the prostate were imaged at 1.5 T with an endorectal surface coil and with a variety of IR sequences and a set of spin-echo (SE) sequences for comparison. Ex vivo prostate specimens were imaged again at the same field strength. The two images were correlated with histologic sections. Cancer was identified with MR imaging in 96% of patients. Of the tumors more than 4 mm in diameter, 87% were identified on T2-weighted SE images, whereas only 26% were identified on IR images. However, IR images may be more useful in local staging of carcinoma. Gross capsular infiltration was present in only two patients; however, it was detectable (and excluded in five other patients) by means of IR images. It was not detectable on SE images. The high quality of images obtained with the endorectal coil was confirmed. The authors conclude that addition of the IR sequence to MR imaging with the endorectal coil may improve the usefulness of this examination.     

经纤维支气管镜插管腔内放射治疗肺癌(附16例报告)

目的高剂量率腔内放射治疗肺癌腔内侵犯疗效观察。方法选择肺癌腔内侵犯患者１６例，经纤维支气管镇插入后装治疗管，与ＳＫ－Ⅱ型近距只后装治疗机连接进行放疗。剂量为每ｄ５Ｇｙ，每周１次，共照４次。结果纤维支气管镜检查示肿瘤消退，管腔通畅１２例，癌肿部分消退，管腔增宽４例。总有效率１００％。结论高剂量率腔内放射治疗肺癌腔内侵犯，可快速消除梗阻，缓解症状，是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

顺铂等药物灌注化疗和恩度治疗恶性胸腹腔积液的研究

目的观察顺铂等灌注和恩度治疗恶性胸腹积液的临床疗效及安全性。方法 62例晚期恶性胸腹水患者,治疗组32例,胸/腹腔内灌注恩度和化疗药物DDP/5-FU,对照组30例,仅灌注化疗药物DDP/5-FU,均3次/周,连续4周为一疗程,休息4周后,评价疗效及不良反应。结果治疗组中12例CR,16例PR,3例SD,1例PD,有效率为87.5%;对照组6例CR,13例PR,7例SD,4例PD,有效率为63.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不良反应发生率两组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论顺铂等加恩度灌注治疗恶性胸腹腔积液有较好的疗效和安全性,并有效提高了晚期肿瘤患者的生活质量,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

主动脉夹层腔内修复术后逆行性A型主动脉夹层4例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 分析造成逆行性A型主动脉夹层的原因，为临床预防提供参考。方法 回顾性分析我院2005年1月至2017年6月收治的234例B型主动脉夹层腔内治疗的临床资料。结果 4例发生逆行性A型主动脉夹层，1例死亡，1例2017年3月行胸腹主动脉置换术，存活2例均采用保守治疗，并定期复查，目前病情无进展。结论 主动脉血管自身病变、近端锚定区不足、支架头端裸支架对血管壁的损伤是发生逆行性A型主动脉夹层的高危因素，值得我们关注     

Early outcomes and impact of a hybrid IC/IS applicator for a new MRI-based cervical brachytherapy program

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to report early outcomes and assess the learning curve in a new MRI-based cervical brachytherapy program.MethodsWe accrued 33 patients prospectively, and only patients with ≥3 months' followup (n = 27) were assessed for disease control and toxicity. Eras were defined as first half and second half for the intracavitary (IC)-only era (n = 13 each), and the intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) era was separated by difference in applicator availability (n = 7). Dose to 90% of the high-risk clinical target volume (D₉₀ HR-CTV) and minimum dose to the maximally irradiated 2 cubic centimeters (D_2cc) to organs at risk were used to assess dosimetry. Statistics were performed with t tests and Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsMedian followup was 14.7 months. Median treatment duration was 50.5 vs. 57 days for patients treated with external beam radiation therapy at our institution vs. an outside institution (p = 0.03). One-year local control, noncervical pelvic control, distant metastasis–free rate, and overall survival were 84.0%, 96.0%, 78.5%, and 91.3%, respectively. When comparing the first half and second half eras of IC only, there were no differences in median D₉₀ HR-CTV or D_2cc of the bladder, rectum, or sigmoid. Comparing the entire IC era to the IC/IS era, median D₉₀ HR-CTV trended higher from 88.0 Gy to 92.9 Gy (p = 0.11). D_2cc rectum decreased from 69.3 Gy to 62.6 Gy (p = 0.01), and D_2cc bladder trended lower from 87.5 Gy to 83.6 Gy (p = 0.09).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference between the first half and second half eras with IC-only MRI-based brachytherapy. Incorporation of an IC/IS applicator generated the greatest dosimetric improvement. Early results of the MRI-based brachytherapy program are favorable.     

彩色多普勒超声高频浅表小器官联合腔内探头对肛周脓肿的诊断价值

目的：研究联合应用彩色多普勒超声高频浅表小器官及腔内探头对肛周脓肿的诊断价值。方法选取2013年8月~2014年8月本院收治的78例经病理证实为肛周脓肿患者的临床资料,根据数字随机分组法原则,将患者分为两组,每组各39例。对照组给予常规专科检查(彩超检测),观察组联合应用高频浅表小器官及腔内探头检查,比较两种检测方式的检测结果。结果①观察组患者与括<肌关系符合、支管符合、主管符合、内口符合率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。②观察组肛周脓肿检出率为97.44%,对照组肛周脓肿检出率为82.05%,观察组肛周脓肿检出率较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。③观察组肛瘘检出率为94.44%,高于对照组(75.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合使用高频浅表小器官与腔内探头检查,能够提高肛周脓肿的检出率,诊断价值非常高,便于为疾病的治疗提供依据,值得临床推广应用。     

The impact of rectal/bladder filling and applicator positioning on in vivo rectal dosimetry in vaginal cuff brachytherapy using an enhanced therapy setting

PurposeThe impact of rectal filling and bladder volume on in vivo rectal dosimetry (IVD) in vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare rectal doses from IVD with those calculated from treatment planning and to identify influencing factors.Materials and MethodsWe collected data of 80 VCBT sessions, four for each of 20 patients. Each was retrospectively compared with doses determined by the treatment planning system. Factors potentially predicting the IVD rectum dose were analyzed.ResultsFor a series of 80 brachytherapy applications, the calculated mean dose to the rectum was 2.52 Gy. The mean difference between all calculated and measured doses for the 80 applications with five probe positions each was 0.09 Gy (p = 0.952) proving high overall accordance between IVD and calculated doses at the rectum. The mean volume of the rectum was 119 ± 57 cm³. The rectal volume was not statistically significantly associated with the IVD or the calculated rectum doses. At the third and fourth rectal probe position in craniocaudal ordering, increased filling of the urinary bladder resulted in decreased measured and calculated doses (p < 0.05 for both). A rectum pointing position of the applicator significantly increased the maximum rectum dose compared with a bladder-oriented position (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIVD provided valuable data for rectal exposure in VCBT. Increased bladder filling and vaginal applicator positioning off the rectum elicited related with less rectal radiation exposure, whereas rectal filling did not. Further confirmation including assessment of IVD in bladder is pending to define optimal dosimetric conditions in VCBT.     

腔内心电图定位技术在儿童PICC置管中的应用进展

本文报告了腔内心电图(EKG)定位技术在儿童PICC置管中应用的重要意义,从国内外儿童患者PICC置管过程中EKG的应用情况、EKG定位工具的选择、引导方式、如何通过P波变化判断导管尖端位置,并分析了影响儿童EKG稳定性的相关因素,展望了EKG定位技术在儿童PICC置管中的应用前景,并提出了建议,便于对临床提供指导。     

腔内钬激光碎石术与开放手术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效比较

目的比较腔内钬激光碎石术与传统开放手术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法选择该院泌尿外科2008-01~2015-12收治的118例输尿管结石患者,随机分为碎石术组(88例)和开放手术组(30例),比较两组患者的术中术后情况及结石清除情况。结果碎石术组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后下床活动时间、术后首次排气时间、术后镇痛药使用率和术后感染率明显低于开放手术组(P0.05),但两组术后并发症发生率、结石清除率和复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腔内钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效显著,且安全可靠、患者痛苦小,其结石清除率和复发率与开放手术相似。