Clinical profile of ankylosing spondylitis patients in Togo

Aim of the workTo determine the clinical characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in rheumatology wards in Togo. Patients and methods: The medical records of AS patients in four rheumatology wards in Togo were recorded from January 2000 to December 2019. Results: The study included 37 AS cases out of 35,304 rheumatic diseases patients’ files that were investigated over the preceding 20 years; accounting for 0.1% of hospital cases. Male predominance was noticed with a M:F ratio of 4.3. The mean age at disease onset was 29.6 ± 10.3 years and the mean duration of the symptoms was 9.5 ± 9.2 years. The clinical findings were dominated by spinal pain (91.9%). The main peripheral joints involvements were knees (48.6%) and ankles (35.1%) and the most frequent extra-articular features were ocular with conjunctivitis (13.5%) and uveitis (8.1%) respectively. Plain radiographs of the spine revealed syndesmophytes (45.9%) with bony ankylosis and bamboo spine (21.6%); and that of the pelvis showed sacroiliitis in 89.2%. The human leucocytic antigen (HLA B27) was positive in four cases. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sulfasalazine were the most commonly used drugs, respectively in 89.2% and 67.6% of patients. One patient was receiving biologic therapy. Conclusion: Ankylosing spondylitis is relatively rare in Togo. There is no particularity in the clinical features or imaging and laboratory findings. The diagnostic delay reflects the importance of the plain radiograph structural changes. NSAIDs and disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of the treatment due to their accessibility in Togo.     

负载IL-4及BMP-2的氧化石墨烯-羧甲基壳聚糖凝胶对骨免疫和骨修复的早期影响研究

目的探讨负载 IL-4 和 BMP-2 的氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide，GO）-羧甲基壳聚糖（carboxymethyl chitosan，CMC）凝胶诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化及对 BMSCs 成骨分化的影响。方法取 CMC、GO 制备混合溶液后，分别添加 PBS、IL-4、BMP-2 或 IL-4+BMP-2，在交联剂作用下制备单纯或负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶支架；取单纯 GO-CMC 凝胶表征观测，包括大体、扫描电镜及傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱仪（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy，FTIR）检测，以单纯 CMC 凝胶作为对照；取负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶行体外缓释实验。取 4～5 周龄 SPF 级 SD 雌性大鼠分离培养巨噬细胞，分别与单纯以及负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶培养，24 h 后行 CD206 免疫荧光检测巨噬细胞分化情况；取第 3 代大鼠 BMSCs 分别与单纯以及负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶成骨诱导培养，10 d 后行 ALP 染色观测早期成骨，21 d 行茜素红染色观测晚期成骨。结果大体观察 GO-CMC 凝胶呈棕色、半透明状；扫描电镜观察示，GO-CMC 凝胶孔径及孔壁厚度与单纯 CMC 凝胶相似，但内壁粗糙度增加；FTIR 检测显示 CMC 发生聚合形成凝胶。体外缓释实验示 3 种负载不同因子的 GO-CMC 凝胶缓释性能相似，均呈线性缓慢释放因子。CD206 免疫荧光检测示 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化，ALP 及茜素红染色示 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导 BMSCs 成骨分化；其中负载 IL-4+BMP-2 的 GO-CMC 凝胶作用最显著（P<0.05）。 结论负载 IL-4 和 BMP-2 的 GO-CMC 凝胶可诱导巨噬细胞 M2 型分化，增强 BMSCs 成骨分化能力，为后期骨缺损修复及骨免疫调节研究提供了新的策略。     

Design and synthesis of novel organometallic complexes using boronated phenylalanine derivatives as potential anticancer agents

Drug design and discovery studies are important because of the prevalence of diseases without available medical cures. New anticancer agents are particularly urgent because of the high mortality rate associated with cancer. A series of mononuclear gold (III) and platinum (II) complexes based on boronated phenylalanine (BPA) were designed and synthesized using 4,4’-dimethyl-2,2’-dipyridyl (L1) or 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dion (L2) ligands to obtain promising anticancer drug candidates. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses were utilized for chemical characterizations. Cell viability, cancer cell colony formation, endothelial tube formation, and cytoskeleton staining assays were performed using A549 lung adenocarcinoma and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate preliminary pharmacological activities. L1-based platinum (II) complex (BPA-L1-Pt) was the most promising complex, and has similar activity with the approved chemotherapy drug cis-platinum. Half maximal inhibitory concentration values for BPA-L1-Pt were 9.15 µM on A549s and 16.61 µM on HUVECs; the values for cis-platinum were 5.24 µM on A549s and 23.14 µM on HUVECs. Consequently, further synthesis studies should be performed to boost the cancer cell selectivity feature of BPA by varying metal and ligand types.     

P27kipl 在胃癌与癌旁粘膜中的表达及意义

目的：探讨P27kipl在胃癌及癌旁粘膜中的表达情况及其意义。方法：应用免疫组化技术（S－P法）检测了P27kipl在75例胃癌及癌旁粘膜中的表达，结果：P27kipl在胃癌中的阳性表达率为45．3％，在癌旁粘膜中随着不典型增生级数增高其表达强度明显减弱。P27kipl的表达与胃癌的浸润深度（P＜0．05），淋巴结转移（P＜0．05）、分化程度（P＜0．05）及临床病理分期（P＜0．05）显相关，而与肿瘤大小、部位无关。结论P27kipl有癌中的低表达反映了其恶性进展，是一个有价值的预后因子。     

HLA-B*27 subtyping by PCR-RFLP in Spanish patients with ankylosing spondyiitis

Abstract: We describe the use of restriction analysis on PCR-amplified DNA for detecting all B*27 subtypes except B*2710 and B*2711 (i.e. from B*2701 to B*2709). After detecting B*27 by Sty I, double digestions consisting of Sty I plus another informative enzyme led to subtype assignment. We used mismatched primers to create restriction sites when necessary. The method avoids group-specific amplifications and other laborious optimization procedures. It was successfully tested on a panel of well characterized cell lines covering different B*27 subtypes. Then, we studied a group of 57 ankylosing spondyiitis patients and 746 controls from the south of Spain. B*27 showed a very strong association with the disease (OR=211.27, P=\0˜7). B*2702 and B*2705 distribution in controls (20% and 77.1%, respectively) differed from previously reported data in the Spanish population. We unexpectedly found the B*2707 allele in our population (one control).     

Brief communication The primate MHC contains sequences related to the fibroblast growth factor receptor gene family

We have cloned and sequenced a genomic region centromeric of the HLA-B locus from different MHC ancestral haplotypes. These haplotypes are associated with several diseases. The sequences were analyzed for coding potential and their relevance to disease associations were assessed with respect to the level of polymorphism. Analysis of sequences located approximately 25kb centromeric of HLA-B reveals the existence of fibroblast growth factor receptor related sequences. These sequences designated PERB1 (FGFR6 ) reveal 80% homology, at both nucleic acid and amino acid level, to the immunoglobulin domain 1 (Ig-1) of the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 ( FGFR3 ) gene. Amino acid comparison of the Ig-1 domain of PERB1 to those of other FGFR molecules indicates that PERB1 is more closely related to FGFR3 and FGFR5 than to FGFR1 , FGFR2 or FGFR4 . Genomic sequence analysis, however, reveals no consensus splice sites and indicates the existence of inframe premature stop codons in the putative coding sequences. The results suggest that these sequences may represent FGFR gene fragments existing within the central MHC. Sequence analysis of the Mhc in 6 chimpanzee and one orangutan indicates that the existence of PERB 1 predates the spe-ciation of the three species. The fact that the MHC contains a mixture of functional and nonfunctional (pseudo) genes suggests that a functional copy of PERB1 (FGFR6 ) may exist within or in close proximity to the MHC.     

大肠黏膜癌变过程中PTEN和p27的表达及相关性研究

目的 :探讨PTEN及p2 7在大肠黏膜癌变过程中的表达及两者的相关性。方法 :采用免疫组织化学S -P法检测了 5 8例大肠癌 ,15例腺瘤性息肉及 11例配对的癌旁正常组织中抑癌基因PTEN和 p2 7的蛋白表达。分析PTEN和 p2 7的表达情况及与各种临床病理特征的关系及两者的相关性。结果 :在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中PTEN表达率分别为 (97.3± 4 .3) % ,(85 .2± 16 .8) % ,(13.8± 17.6 ) % ,呈递减趋势。大肠癌DukesA/B期组PTEN蛋白的高表达率为 88.9% ,明显高于DukesC/D期组中的 5 1.6 %。PTEN的高表达率与性别、年龄、肿瘤的大小、部位、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移无关。p2 7主要表达在细胞核 ,也有少量表达在细胞浆。在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中p2 7高表达率分别为 (98.8± 1.0 8) % ,(86 .0± 13.6 ) % ,(5 6 .8± 2 6 .0 ) % ,呈递减趋势。在大肠癌高、中分化组中 p2 7蛋白的表达率为 71.4 % ,明显高于低分化组中的 2 3.1%。p2 7的高表达率与患者的Dukes分期、性别、年龄、肿瘤的大小、部位及有无淋巴结转移无关。在大肠癌组织中 ,PTEN与 p2 7蛋白的表达呈正相关 (r =0 .6 4 2 )。结论 :PTEN及p2 7表达在癌旁正常组织、大肠腺瘤性息肉、大肠癌组织中均呈递减趋势 ,提示P     

HLA-B_(27)与急性前葡萄膜炎相关性的临床研究

目的 :应用SSP PCR(Sequencespecialprime polymerasechainreaction)基因检定技术对急性前葡萄膜炎 (a cuteanterioruveitis ,AAU)患者HLA B2 7基因进行检测 ,并且对HLA B2 7阳性与阴性患者临床特征加以分析。方法 :采用SSP PCR基因检定技术检测 98例AAU患者及 82例正常人样本的HLA B2 7基因。并对HLA B2 7阳性与阴性患者临床特征进行观察。结果 :98例AAU患者样本中有 5 7例样本呈HLA B2 7阳性 ,82例正常人样本有 4例样本呈HLA B2 7阳性 ,阳性率分别为 5 8.2 %和 4 .9%。经 χ2 检验 ,χ2 =4 1.33,P <0 .0 0 5 ,二组间有显著差异。HLA B2 7阳性患者多见于男性 ,单眼多见 ,粉尘状KP ,发病时视力下降明显 ,易于复发 ,且并发症少为其特征 ,激素治疗效果佳。结论 :采用SSP PCR基因检定技术测定HLA B2 7快速、简单、准确性高、客观性强 ,值得推广和应用。HLA B2 7与急性前葡萄膜炎有着高度相关性。HLA B2 7阳性患者与阴性患者在临床特征上有着一定程度的差异。