Association between alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome

AimsExamine associations between self-reported alcohol consumption patterns and metabolic syndrome.Materials and methodsSample (N = 7432) included adult (≥20 years) participants in the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsAbove moderate alcohol consumption (AMAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 20–29, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −6.21, β = −8.34, and β = −6.60, respectively) and moderate alcohol consumption (MAC) was negatively associated with waist circumference among those in the 30–39, 40–49, and 70–79 age groups (β = −4.60, β = −5.69, and β = −2.88, respectively). AMAC was negatively associated with triglycerides among those in the 70–79 and 80+ age groups (β = −23.62 and β = −34.18, respectively) and positively associated with HDL-C levels in all groups (β range 8.96–18.25). MAC was positively associated with HDL-C in the age groups spanning 20–69 years (β range 3.05–5.34) and those over 80 (β = 5.26). AMAC and MAC were negatively associated with fasting glucose levels in the 20–29 and 70–79 age groups (β = −3.38 and −15.61, respectively). MAC was negatively associated with fasting glucose levels among those 70–79 and those over 80 years of age (β = −7.06 and β = −5.00, respectively).ConclusionMAC and AMAC may favorably impact metabolic health.     

Royal jelly does not improve markers of glycemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Bee products including propolis, bee wax, pollen and royal jelly (RJ) have been used as medicine from ancient times. A vast number of in-vivo and in-vitro studies as well as clinical trials have been conducted to investigate potential health related properties of RJ. A growing number of clinical trials have been performed to assess effects of RJ ingestion on different metabolic markers including glycemia, with diverse results. In the current meataanalysis, we aimed to evaluate effects of RJ ingestion on glycemic markers compared with placebo and set directions for future research. Electronic databases including Scopus, Pubmed, Scholar, Cochrane, Proquest, SID and Magiran were searched and 5 eligible studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Review Manager Software was used for statistical analysis and random effects model was used for pooling data. A total of 205 participants for FPG and 130 participants for HbA1c were included. The overall analysis revealed that RJ consumption reduced FPG by 0.95 mg/dl (95% CI: −5.83 to 3.87; p = 0.69; I2 = 0%; Tau² = 0.00) and HbA1c by 0.32 (95% CI: −0.87 to 0.23; p = 0.25; I2 = 69 %; Tau² = 0.16) which were not statistically significant. Funnel plot demonstrated no publication bias. In conclusion, RJ supplementation did not beneficially affect markers of glycemia. However, due to methodology issues and potential confounders like diet as well as diverse populations, we recommend future studies well designed and well controlled for major confounders so we can update these data to more precise results and more accurate conclusion.     

The role of ranitidine infusion on glucose,insulin and C-peptide serum levels induced by oral glucose tolerance test in healthy subjects

Summary In 9 healthy subjects we evaluated the effect of a constant ranitidine infusion (100 mg) on glucose (mg/dl), insulin (μU/ml) and C-peptide (ng/ml) serum levels promoted by oral glucose tolerance test (75 g). Ranitidine significantly increased the area under concentration/time curves for glucose and insulin but not that of C-peptide. Our data indicate that ranitidine does not affect pancreatic insulin release nor peripheral glucose utilization and are consistent with the hypothesis that ranitidine influences the hepatic clearance of glucose and insulin both of which undergo high first-pass liver extraction.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者血糖控制对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖的控制对母体、围生儿并发症和妊娠结局的影响.方法 将定期产前检查的孕妇中妊娠期糖尿病孕妇92例,根据治疗后血糖控制情况分为A组(血糖控制满意组)59例和B组(血糖控制不满意组)33例,另以健康孕妇95例为对照组.对母体、围生儿并发症和妊娠结局进行对比分析.结果 妊娠期糖尿病A组中妊娠期高血...     

Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) root fractions: differential effects on postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Variations in ginsenoside profile may predict the postprandial glucose (PPG)-lowering efficacy of ginseng. Previously we reported differential PPG-lowering effects with two Korean red ginseng (KRG) root.

Fractions

body and rootlets, of variable ginsenoside profiles. Whether this effect is reproducible with a different KRG source is unclear. We therefore tested two root fractions from a KRG source with elevated ginsenoside levels to assess its effect on PPG.

Materials and Methods

After a 12-h overnight fast, 13 healthy individuals (6M:7F; age = 28 ± 10 y; BMI = 24.1 ± 3 kg/m2; FBG = 4.77 ± 0.04 mmol/L) randomly received either 3 g of KRG-body, rootlets or placebo, on three separate visits. Treatments were consumed 60 min prior to a standard test meal with capillary blood samples at −60, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min.

Results

The KRGrootlets had > 6 fold total ginsensosides than the KRG-body but did not significantly affect PPG. Despite a reduced ginsenoside profile, KRG-body lowered PPG levels at 45, 60, 90 and 120 min during the test (p < 0.05), rendering an overall reduction of 27% in incremental area under the glucose curve compared to the control (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Comparing the results with a previously studied batch of KRG suggests a potential therapeutic dose range for ginsenosides. This observation should be clinically verified with acute screening and ginsenoside composition analysis.     

食用醋酸对餐后血糖影响的Meta分析

目的采用Meta分析方法定量评价膳食醋酸的摄入对受试者餐后血糖指数的影响。方法首先以vinegar、aceticacids和glycemia等为关键词,从Medline、EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆3个数据库中搜索相关文献,并提取相关数据,然后采用软件ReviewManager系统评价膳食醋酸的摄入对餐后血糖指数的影响。结果Meta分析表明膳食中添加醋可以显著降低受试者的血糖指数（加权均数差：-28．36,95％置信区间：-43．57～-13．15,P=0．0003）。倒漏斗图检验显示本研究存在偏倚的可能性较小。敏感性分析显示本研究结果的可靠性较高。结论膳食中添加膳食醋酸可以显著降低受试者的餐后血糖指数。     

Hyperglycemia and Short-term Outcome in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background  Hyperglycemia has a detrimental effect in several acute neurological critical illnesses. No consensus exists on the optimal management of hyperglycemia in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Our aim was to determine whether blood glucose (BG) would predict 30-day mortality in sICH. Methods  All patients with a well-defined diagnosis of sICH admitted into 24 h in three primary referred centers were included in this prospective observational follow-up study. Patients had extensive monitoring of BG values and those with BG values >8.29 mmol/l (150 mg/dl) received a variable intravenous insulin dose to maintain BG concentrations during the first 72 h after sICH between 3.32 and 8.29 mmol/l (60–150 mg/dl) using pre-specified insulin dosing schedule protocol. Results  Between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, 295 consecutive patients (mean ± SD age 66 ± 12 years) were prospectively included. A 1.0 mmol/l (18 mg/dl) increase in the BG concentration at admission was associated with a 33% mortality increase (OR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.22–1.46; P < 0.0001). Adjusting for demographics, risk factors, stroke severity, and surgery there was no change in the increased risk. During the first 12 h after sICH, the insulin treatment protocol was enabling to reduce mortality (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.14–1.61; P = 0.0005, per 1 IU increase) while thereafter this association was greatly attenuated and not more significant. Conclusions  Hyperglycemia is a common condition after sICH and may worsen prognosis. Very early insulin therapy apparently does not improve prognosis. These results raise concern about routine clinical practice implementation of this intervention without any evidence from randomized trials.     

Effectiveness of ZnCl2 in protecting against nephrotoxicity induced by HgCl2 in newborn rats

This work investigated the preventive effects of ZnCl₂ on renal and hepatic alterations induced by HgCl₂ in young rats. Wistar rats of 3 days old were treated (s.c.) on consecutive days with saline or ZnCl₂ 27 mg/kg/day from the 3rd to the 7th and with saline or HgCl₂ 5.0 mg/kg/day from the 8th to the 12th day of life. Pups were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose and samples were collected. The creatinine and urea dosages, used as renal parameters, presented increases of 35% and 500%, respectively. The alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities, used as hepatic parameters, presented a decrease (40%) and no alteration, respectively, by mercury exposure. The glycemia was diminished and the hepatic glycogen was not modified by mercury. All the mercury effects were prevented by zinc. These results suggest that mercury intoxication of young rats alters the renal function but does not modify the hepatic parameters, and previous exposure to zinc is able to avoid the renal damage.