腐霉对姜根茎腐烂的作用

本文描述了姜根茎腐烂的三种症状类型:青枯型、黄腐型及黄枯型;分别由青枯细菌、腐霉菌及青桔细菌和腐霉苗引起,鉴定出4种致病腐霉:P(?)(?)P.(?)P.(?)和P.(?).通过接种试验,证明腐霉对姜有较强的致病力;与青枯细菌共同为害,病将更严重,故姜的根茎腐烂不完全是细菌青枯病。     

几种中西药抗人实验模拟运动病效果观察

目的 :选用中药“治晕灵”的主要成分生姜、明天麻等六味草药煎成汤剂、或半量汤剂配西药脑益嗪、山莨菪碱各1 4临床常用量配成复方中西药制剂 ,与目前常用抗晕药晕海宁等中、西药的药效进行比较 ,看中药制剂或中西药复方制剂是否具有较好的抗运动病效果。方法 :选 7名敏感被试者 (女性 ,19～ 2 1岁 ) ,用旋转刺激诱发运动病至出现恶心。按拉丁方设计 ,与安慰剂 (淀粉 10 0mg)及晕海宁 (5 0mg)进行对比 ,分别观察了生姜合剂 (30ml)、晕可平 (30ml)、山莨菪碱 (10mg)、脑益嗪 (2 5mg)及上述复方中西药制剂口服后的运动病耐力。结果 :与安慰剂比较 ,晕海宁、山莨菪碱、脑益嗪、晕可平、生姜合剂、复方中西药制剂分别使运动病耐力提高 5 .4%、7.5 %、5 .9%、7.4%、32 .3 %、2 0 .4% ;生姜合剂效果较优 ,除口服时有辛辣味外 ,无明显的副作用。复方中西药制剂各成分未显示协同作用 ,而只是简单的作用相加。结论 :生姜合剂具有较好的抗运动病作用     

补骨脂对体外黑素细胞黏附和迁移的作用

目的 :研究补骨脂对黑素细胞黏附和迁移的影响。方法 :用补骨脂处理黑素细胞 ,检测其黏附于牛血清纤维结合素和通过微孔滤膜的细胞数量并与生姜和未经药物处理的黑素细胞比较。结果 :补骨脂可显著促进黑素细胞黏附于牛血清纤维结合素和通过微孔滤膜并呈剂量依赖关系 ,但当补骨脂浓度超过 0.2mg·L^-1时这种作用未见增加。补骨脂浓度在 0.01mg·L^-1时 ,黑素细胞黏附并无显著增加 ,但对迁移的影响已可见统计学差异 (P <0.01)。生姜则不具有这样的作用。结论 :在体外 ,补骨脂能明显促进黑素细胞的黏附和迁移 ,这至少可以部分解释应用补骨脂治疗白癜风是有效的。     

The effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials

The present systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of ginger supplementation on markers of inflammatory and oxidative stress. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify relevant clinical trials evaluating the effects of ginger on serum CRP (C‐reactive protein), TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha), IL‐6 (interleukin‐6), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), and MDA (malondialdehyde) from inception up to September 2019. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random‐effects model. Potential publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot and Egger's weighted regression tests. After excluding irrelevant records, 20 full‐text articles that included 25 separate studies were included to the meta‐analysis. Pooled results of this study indicated a statistically significant effect of ginger on serum CRP, TNF‐α, IL‐6, TAC, and MDA levels following ginger supplementation in compared to the controls. Also, the effects of ginger on serum PGE2 was marginally significant. Moreover, the high heterogeneity was disappeared in subgroup analysis performed by age, duration, dosage, and quality. This current analysis indicates that ginger supplementation has a significant effects on serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.     

Ginger polyphenols attenuate cyclosporine-induced disturbances in kidney function: Potential application in adjuvant transplant therapy

Cyclosporine (CYA), a common immuno-suppressant drug that is used in organ transplants, is associated with nephrotoxic effects. Scientific exploration of natural products of plant origin should be considered; especially, in a world with increasing prevalence of kidney diseases. Effects of ginger polyphenols (GP) in Wistar rats with CYA-induced perturbations in electrolyte balance and kidney function was determined. Fifty Wistar rats were recruited for this study such that graded doses of GP were administered following CYA-induced kidney injury and comparisons were made against control and toxic groups at p?<?0.05. Distilled water, CYA (50?mg/kg p.o. for 10 days) and GP (100, 200 and 400?mg/kg p.o. for 21 days) were administered to the rats at 0.2?ml/100?g. CYA administration induced kidney injury as characterized by significant deleterious alterations in plasma and urine levels of creatinine, urea, Na⁺ and K⁺ electrolyte balance as well as creatinine clearance. Also, there was a significant derangement in feeding pattern and relative kidney weight. Using GSH and SOD as antioxidant indicators, there was significant disturbance of the anti-oxidant system while histopathological results showed evidence of interstitial vacuolations with atrophic glomeruli. These conditions were significantly attenuated (p?<?0.05) following administration of graded doses of GP. It was, therefore, concluded that GP could potentially be a therapeutic choice for patients with CYA-induced kidney injury.     

生姜煎水在血液透析动静脉内瘘护理中的应用

目的:探讨生姜煎水在血液透析动静脉内瘘护理中的应用效果。方法:将2010年1月~2013年1月我科120例维持性血液透析患者随机等分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用远心端逆向穿刺法,于透析结束24 h应用喜疗妥外涂于自体动静脉内瘘(AVF)后湿热敷;观察组采用近心端正向穿刺法,于透析过程中在AVF远心端采用生姜水湿热敷。结果:14个月后两组患者血尿素氮、血肌酐、尿素清除指数比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组血管狭窄、血管瘤、内瘘血管管疼痛、血流量不足发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:透析中生姜水热敷保护动静脉内瘘的效果明显,可促进内瘘成熟,延长AVF使用时间。     

Ginger for health care: An overview of systematic reviews

ObjectivesTo summarize the evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses that evaluated the efficacy of ginger in treating any conditions and critically assess the quality of these evidence.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted from inception until February 28, 2019 using the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, and four Chinese databases. Literature selection and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. The quality of SRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool. The GRADE system was used to assess the quality of evidence.ResultsTwenty-seven SRs were included. The number of included studies were various, range from 3 to 27. The condition with the most included SRs was nausea and vomiting (n = 12, 44.4%). Many SRs showed a promising efficacy of ginger, including nausea and vomiting, metabolic syndrome and pain, while the effect of ginger for platelet aggregation failed to draw a certain conclusion. The quality of SRs was heterogeneous. All of included SRs well complied with the Item 1 (“research questions included the components of PICO”) and Item 3 (“explained selection of the study designs for inclusion”). Twenty review failed to provide registration information. Only one SR reported the sources of funding for studies included.ConclusionsIn our overview, most of SRs suggest ginger is a promising herbal medicine for health care, which is beneficial for nausea and vomiting, metabolic syndrome and pain. However, considering the limited quality of included evidence and heterogeneity of different clinical trials, more well-design studies are required to confirm the conclusion further.     

The Anti-Oxidant Effects of Ginger and Cinnamon on Spermatogenesis Dys-function of Diabetes Rats

Background

Diabetes rats have been linked to reproductive dysfunction and plant medicine has been shown to be effective in its treatment. Antioxidants have distinctive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm biology and oxidative stress, and changes in anti-oxidant capacity are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger and cinnamon are strong anti-oxidants and have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the long-term treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in animal models. The present study examined the influence of combined ginger and cinnamon on spermatogenesis in STZ-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods

Animals (n = 80) were allocated randomly into eight groups, 10 each: Group 1: Control rats given only 5cc Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) daily;Group2: rats received ginger (100mg/kg/rat) daily; Group 3: rats received cinnamon (75mg/kg) daily; Group 4: rats received ginger and cinnamon, (100mg/kg/rat ginger and 75mg/kg cinnamon) daily; Group 5: Diabetic control rats received only normal saline. Group 6: Diabetic rats received 100mg/kg/day ginger; Group 7: Diabetic rats received 75mg /kg/ day cinnamon; Group 8: Diabetic rats received ginger and cinnamon (100mg/kg/day and 75mg/kg /day). Diabetes was induced with 55 mg/kg, single intra-peritoneal injection of STZ in all groups. At the end of the experiment (56th day), blood samples were taken for determination of testosterone, LH,FSH, total anti-oxidant capacity, and levels of malondialdehyde, SOD, Catalase and GPX. All rats were euthanized, testes were dissected out and spermatozoa were collected from the epididymis for analysis.

Results

Sperm numbers, percentages of sperm viability and motility, and total serum testosterone increased in ginger and cinnamon and combined ginger and cinnamon treated diabetic rats compared with control groups. Serum testosterone, LH and FSH were higher compared to control group and also serum anti-oxidants (TAC, SOD, GPX and catalase) all were increased at the end of treatment. Combined ginger and cinnamon showed more intense increase in all parameters compare to ginger and cinnamon alone. Most of the results were significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion

We concluded that combined ginger and cinnamon have significant beneficial effects on the sperm viability, motility, and serum total testosterone, LH,FSH and serum anti-oxidants'' level and could be effective for maintaining healthy sperm parameters and male reproductive function in diabetics.