基因疫苗pcDNA-AChRα211免疫小鼠建立重症肌无力动物模型

目的：用基因疫苗pcDNA-AChRα211，免疫C57BL／6小鼠建立实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力模型（EAMG）。方法：将人乙酰胆碱受体α亚基N端的主要免疫区（AChRα211）的基因片段插入到穿梭载体pcDNA3．0中，构建基因疫苗pcDNA-AChRα211。大量提纯质粒pcDNA-AChRα211后肌肉注射C57BL／6小鼠。用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中抗AChRα211，的IgG（ACh-RAb），并用PCR方法检测外源基因在小鼠各组织器官中的分布情况。结果：双酶切鉴定和序列测定表明构建了含正确目的基因阅读框的重组质粒pcDNA-AChRα211，ELISA分析表明该基因疫苗免疫的C57BL／6小鼠血清中含有AChRAb，且免疫三个月后在小鼠的肌肉、肝、脾、肾中仍可检测到目的基因AChRα211的存在。结论：重组质粒pcDNA-AChRα211作为基因疫苗能够诱导实验性自身免疫性重症肌无力。     

Randomized phase II study of sunitinib versus standard of care for patients with previously treated advanced triple-negative breast cancer

PurposeThis randomized, open-label phase II study compared the efficacy of sunitinib monotherapy with that of single-agent standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsPatients with advanced TNBC, relapsed after anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy, were randomized to receive either sunitinib (37.5 mg/day) or the investigator's choice of SOC therapy. Progression-free survival was the primary endpoint.ResultsMedian progression-free survival was 2.0 months with sunitinib and 2.7 months with SOC chemotherapy (one-sided P = 0.888). Median overall survival was not prolonged with sunitinib (9.4 months) compared with SOC chemotherapy (10.5 months; one-sided P = 0.839). The objective response rate was 3% with sunitinib and 7% with SOC chemotherapy (one-sided P = 0.962).ConclusionsSunitinib monotherapy did not improve efficacy compared with SOC chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced TNBC, for which identification of effective treatments and therapeutic targets remains an urgent need.Trial registrationNCT00246571.     

2015 AMCLC Open-Microphone Session: Improving the IQ (Information Quality) of What We Do

Each year an open-microphone session is hosted by the Council Steering Committee. The committee invited an expert panel to discuss the use of effective communication in appropriate procedure selection and methods and resources to communicate the results of procedures performed in an actionable and clear manner to referring clinicians and patients, as well as downstream data systems. The ACR is actively encouraging radiologists to leverage existing and new technologies to increase their visibility in the health care system. Key features in Imaging 3.0 are results reporting through actionable reports, decision support for results reporting, guidelines for recommendations, tools for actionable reports, and tracking a radiologist’s recommendations. The final radiology report is an essential product of our service, but it is increasingly clear that the noninterpretive components of our profession will add the most value to patient care. The radiology report is not the only evidence of our work. Nonetheless, the information quality and content of the radiology report can and must be improved so that it can add value and clinical usefulness toward excellent patient care. We must use appropriate tools and “best knowledge” to deliver actionable and value-added high-quality reports.     

23Na-magnetic resonance imaging of the human lumbar vertebral discs: in vivo measurements at 3.0 T in healthy volunteers and patients with low back pain

Background context¹H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine can rule out common causes of low back pain (LBP), such as disc protrusions or nerve root compression; however, no significant causal relation exists between morphology and the extent of symptoms. Functional MRI techniques, such as ²³Na, may provide additional information, allowing indirect assessment of vertebral glycosaminoglycan concentrations, decreases in which are associated with early degenerative changes.PurposeTo evaluate ²³Na-MRI of asymptomatic healthy volunteers and symptomatic patients with LPB and correlate the results to the Pfirrmann classification of MRI disc morphology.Study designRetrospective cohort study at an academic medical center.Patient sampleTwo groups were studied: (1) 55 healthy volunteers (31 men, 24 women; mean age 28.8 years) and (2) 12 patients (6 men, 6 women; mean age: 35.3 years) with a recent history of LBP.MethodsLumbar spines of the aforementioned groups were examined on a 3.0 T MRI scanner with morphological ¹H and ²³Na imaging. Intervertebral disc (IVD) ²³Na at each level was normalized (²³Na_norm). Distribution and differences between mean ²³Na_norm corresponding to each Pfirrmann classification were evaluated in the two study groups (analysis of variance). Linear correlations between ²³Na_norm, body mass index (BMI), and age were assessed (Pearson correlation coefficient). Gender-dependent differences were evaluated (paired t test).Outcome measuresPhysiological measure: IVD ²³Na_norm as determined by ²³Na-MRI.ResultsA normal distribution of ²³Na_norm was confirmed for both groups (p=.072 and p=.073, respectively). The mean Pfirrmann score statistically significantly differed between them (p<.0001). ²³Na_norm was statistically significantly reduced in degenerated IVDs (Pfirrmann scores 4+5) (p<.0001). No statistically significant differences were seen for the mean ²³Na_norm of IVDs with the same Pfirrmann score in healthy volunteers and patients (.469<p<.967). Age (0.007<R²<0.202) and BMI (0.074<R²<0.288) showed either weak or no correlation to ²³Na_norm. Mean ²³Na_norm was significantly (p=.0002) greater in women relative to men.ConclusionsThe results underline the feasibility and robustness of ²³Na-MRI of human IVDs and affirm, in a large cohort, decreases in ²³Na IVD content seen with disc degeneration.     

3.0 T磁共振多体素质子波谱脂质在胶质瘤恶性程度分级的应用

目的研究多体素质子波谱对幕上胶质瘤术前分级的临床应用价值。资料与方法35例经手术及病理证实的幕上胶质瘤采用3.0T超导型磁共振成像/波谱一体化扫描系统,常规MR及多体素波谱检查后利用Functool软件进行分析。结果35例胶质瘤,按WHO标准分类Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级11例,Ⅳ级10例。Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组肿瘤实体区(Lac Lip)/Cr平均值分别为0.15±0.16,1.14±1.50,2.61±2.75,NAA/nCr平均值1.29±0.96,0.74±0.56,0.53±0.36和(Lac Lip)/nCr平均值0.22±0.23,0.70±0.63,1.01±0.80,Ⅱ级组与Ⅳ级组间(Lac Lip)/Cr、(Lac Lip)/nCr、NAA/nCr有统计学差异(P<0.05)。若将Ⅱ级组列为低度恶性肿瘤组,Ⅲ级组、Ⅳ级组合并为高度恶性肿瘤组,Cho/NAA、Cho/Cr、(Lac Lip)/Cr、(Lac Lip)/nCr平均值在组间有显著性差异。结论MR多体素质子波谱脂质的出现对肿瘤组织学分级有较高的临床应用价值。     

兔抗人重组生长激素rhGH多克隆抗体的制备、纯化及鉴定

目的制备抗人生长激素(growth hormone,GH)的多克隆抗体并鉴定其性能。方法真核细胞表达质粒pcDNA3.0-GHcDNA免疫家兔,制备rhGH多克隆抗体;ELISA法检测抗体效价。亲和层析法纯化后,进行Western blot、免疫组织化学和激光共聚焦显微镜检测,鉴定抗体的特异性与适用范围。结果得到兔抗人重组人生长激素rhGH多克隆抗体,效价达1:40000。纯化后的抗体可特异识别超表达的hGH和人内源性GH,可用于免疫组织化学实验、Western blot及激光共聚焦。结论用质粒免疫家兔制备的抗GH抗体具有较高的效价以及特异性,为hGH的功能性研究提供了有力的支持。     

病人信息与影像处理系统的设计与实现

本文介绍了病人信息与影像处理系统的网络结构、体系结构设计;功能设计及实现方法。系统运行后性能稳定,达到了预期目的。     

医学数字影像设备间实现互联

将PHILIPS MR Achival 1.5T图像处理工作站(ViewForum 3.2,简称VF)和GE Lightspeed Qx/I CT图像处理工作站(Sun Advantage Workstation 4.0,简称AW4.0)通过打印共享网络的中心集线器(HUB,D-Link 10/100)相连接,并进行DICOM相关设置,确保DICOM信息的相互交流。成功地实现了DICOM影像在工作站间的相互传送和异机图像处理。