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1.
Camille Veit 《Annales médico-psychologiques》2019,177(4):347-351
Objectives
This paper introduces some epistemology about mental health developments and how it leads to reconsider the landscape of clinical practices.Materials
From an epistemological point of view, the author reviews several writings about mental hygiene going back to the nineteenth century. It clarifies the common roots between mental hygiene and mental health. Then, the article examines the first World Health Organization's reports, that shed light on psychiatric and political issues in the middle of the twentieth century, which allows to reach out the foundations of mental health as a discursive practice.Results
The review of the developments from “mental hygiene” to “mental health” highlights a general climate of redesign on many points: Mental health as a discursive space is characterized by an expansion of its address field. It is not only addressed to specialists, psychiatrist and psychiatric patients, but also, and above all, to every citizen. Psychic suffering, as far as mental illness, is part of a larger whole including what preserves or deteriorates the proper functioning of an individual, within society. Mental health is at the crossroads of financial, political, citizen's rights and social interests. Contemporary mental health relies on the objectives of prevention and promotion. Clinical practices are organized by some discourses with mental health as a key word. At the turn of 2000s, French psychiatry has been impacted by many shuffles in health policies. However, the roots of these restructuring are not new, as they update an old interest in safeguarding public health, funds and welfare. Psychic suffering and mental illness recently enter the field of “psychic disability”. It brought social benefits such as financial assistance from the state. It may also contribute to the campaigns of awareness-raising and destigmatization among the public opinion. However, financial and subjective effects do not perfectly match. In other words, the benefits listed above should not lead to desert the listening of the users’ experience in its singularity.Conclusions
The developments of mental health point out a reorganization in the psychiatric field and open new clinical challenges. If the spaces of singularity and universal are in a permanent relationship, the political and economic sides cannot answer or evacuate the subjectivity posed by the subject and his suffering. It should lead to focus on a clinical practice driven by a subtle listening, which does not exclude psychopathology and recognizes the importance of alterity. 相似文献2.
o. goetze a. b. nikodem j. wiezcorek † m. banasch h. przuntek † t. mueller † w. e. schmidt & d. woitalla † 《Neurogastroenterology and motility》2006,18(5):369-375
Predictors of gastric emptying (GE) in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) of a solid and liquid meal are not well defined. For measurement of GE 80 patients with PD were randomly assigned to receive either a solid meal (250 kcal) containing 13C-octanoate (n = 40) or a liquid meal (315 kcal) with 13C-acetate (n = 40). All patient groups were off medication affecting motility and were matched for age, gender, body mass index, disease duration and severity, using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Gastric emptying was compared with a healthy control group (n = 40). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine predictors of gastric emptying. Exactly 88% and 38% of PD patients had delayed GE of solids and liquids respectively. Solid and liquid emptying was similar in women and men. There were no differences in GE in PD patients < 65 years of age when compared with patients > or = 65 years. Multiple regression analysis showed that motor handicaps such as rigour and action tremor are independent predictors of solid GE (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). The severity of motor impairment, but not any other neurological symptom, as assessed by UPDRS is associated with gastroparesis in PD and solid emptying is more likely to be delayed. 相似文献
3.
The multiple regression analysis of twin data in which a cotwin's score is predicted from that of a proband (the member of a twin pair selected because of a deviant score) and the coefficient of relationship provides a powerful test of genetic etiology (DeFries and Fulker: Behav Genet 15:467-473, 1985). Moreover, when an augmented model containing an interaction term is fitted to the same data set, direct estimates of heritability (h2) and the proportion of variance owing to shared environmental influences (c2) are also obtained. In the present paper, the expected partial regression coefficients estimated from these models are derived, and the flexibility of the general approach is illustrated. An extended model is formulated for the analysis of data from combined samples of affected and control twin pairs that yields tests for differential h2 and c2 in the two groups as well as pooled estimates of these parameters. The application of these models is illustrated by an analysis of data from reading-disabled and control twin pairs. Because of the ease, flexibility, and utility of the multiple regression analysis of twin data, it is an appealing alternative to more traditional model-fitting approaches. 相似文献
4.
L. J. Jacobsson M. Westerberg S. Söderberg J. Lexell 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》2009,120(6):389-395
Objectives – To assess long‐term functioning and disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Material and methods – Individuals (n = 88) in Norrbotten, northern Sweden, who had been transferred for neurosurgical care were assessed with internationally established TBI outcome measures 6–15 years post‐injury. Results – There was an improvement in overall outcome from discharge from inpatient rehabilitation to follow‐up. Many individuals had a high degree of motor and cognitive functioning, which enabled them to live independently in their own home without assistance, but there remained a disability related to community reintegration and social participation. This affected their productivity and to some degree their marital stability. The remaining disability and reduced productivity were related to the age at injury and the injury severity. Conclusions – Our data showed that individuals with a TBI can achieve and maintain a high degree of functioning many years after the injury. Increasing age and a greater injury severity contributed to their long‐term disability. 相似文献
5.
6.
L. Kebbon 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》1997,41(2):120-125
The most spectacular contribution from the nordic countries to intellectual disability policy is probably the idea of normalization, but it is not the simplistic notion that can be inferred from international debate. Its major significance may have been to act as an inspiring catchword for the important trend away from institutions Into integrated living. However, it is more fully understood when seen in the concrete context where It has successively developed, and been critically analysed and tested in operation. Scandinavian sociologists and psychologists—as well as politicians—were also among the first to use the concept of quality of life for analysis of social policy, including intellectual disability. The primary medium for implementation has been legislation, where the dominant difficulty is to find a balance between security and freedom, protection and self-determination. Through this process, the role of social engineering in the welfare state, based on humanistic ideas of solidarity, can be followed into today's emphasis on individual influence and participation. 相似文献
7.
The recovery of the ability to read of a patient affected by persistent visuospatial neglect suggests the functional independence of the two phenomena. Neglect dyslexia seems to be an example of a dissociation between an implicit and explicit knowledge of the characteristics of the stimulus.
Sommario Il recupero della capacità di lettura in un paziente con persistente neglect visuo-spaziale suggerisce l'indipendenza funzionale dei due fenomeni. La neglect dyslexia sembra costituire un esempio di dissociazione tra conoscenza implicita ed esplicita delle caratteristiche dello stimolo.相似文献
8.
M. Filippi A. Campi V. Martinelli C. Pereira G. Scotti G. Comi 《Acta neurologica Scandinavica》1995,92(2):178-182
Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite an unusual form of presentation and course of the disease. A case with this progressive form is presented and brain MRI and MTI findings are discussed in relation to the possible insight they may provide for understanding the mechanisms that determine progressive disability in MS. 相似文献
9.
Risk factors for coronary heart disease among inpatients who have mild intellectual disability and mental illness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
S. Merriman C. Haw J. Kirk & J. Stubbs 《Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR》2005,49(5):309-316
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. The aim of this study was to screen inpatients with mild or borderline intellectual disability, many of whom also have mental illness, for risk factors for CHD. Methods Cross sectional survey. Participants were interviewed, measured and had blood samples taken. Results Of the 53 participants, 20 (37.7%) were overweight and 18 (34.0%) obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) of those participants prescribed regular antipsychotics was higher than those who were not. Nine (20.9%) had waist circumference measurements placing them at increased risk of CHD and 21 (48.8%) were at substantially increased risk. Twenty-eight (52.8%) were current smokers. Of the 49 participants who had their blood pressure measured, 3 (6.1%) had readings above the reference range. Of the 19 participants who had random blood tests, one (5.3%) had an elevated cholesterol level. Conclusions In this population there was a high prevalence of two risk factors for CHD (obesity and smoking), requiring ongoing monitoring and long-term measures to reduce risk. 相似文献
10.
Julie Hicks Patrick Jenessa C. Johnson R. Turner Goins David K. Brown 《Quality of life research》2004,13(5):959-967
This study investigates functional disability among some of the nation's most vulnerable older adults: rural Medicaid recipients. Data were provided by 221 older adults (mean age = 75.9 years; 82% women) who were receiving community-based long-term care services through Medicaid. Participants self-reported functional ability involving the completion of six basic activities of daily living (BADLs), three cognitive instrumental activities of daily living (IADLS), and four physical IADLs. Self-reports of depressed affect and the number of physical health conditions were also obtained. Path analysis was used to examine all of the associations among age, gender, number of chronic health conditions, depressed affect and functional disability. The tested model was significant [chi2 (DF = 3, n = 221) = 5.052, p = 0.168; TLI = 0.945; CFI = 0.992; RMSEA = 0.056] and explained 45.1% of the variance in BADL disability. Depressed affect significantly predicted disability in cognitive IADLs and physical IADLs, which predicted disability in BADLs. Age and gender had indirect effects on BADL, through their association with cognitive IADLs and physical IADLs. The number of chronic health conditions exerted both indirect and direct effects on BADL disability. Results are discussed within the context of the growing literature that suggests the importance of psychological variables as predictors of functional disability. Moreover, we discuss whether community-based long-term care is appropriate for older adults with high levels of functional disability. 相似文献