穿孔膜片钳记录猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞K+电流技术初探

常规全细胞膜片钳模式形成的同时,细胞内液与电极液交换造成细胞内物质丢失,此现象对小细胞的影响更为明显。穿孔膜片钳技术使电极与细胞胞质之间保持电学连续性,它使细胞内环境保持稳定,利于研究胞内信息传导机制．并可改善常规全细胞膜片钳时破膜所造成的封接稳定性的破坏,有望提高实验的成功率。本研究报道应用此技术在猪冠状动脉平滑肌细胞上记录的全细胞K^ 电流和由大电导钙激活钾通道BKCa所介导的自发瞬时外向电流ISTOCs。     

Shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing glycine action occurs at different perinatal ages in superior olivary complex nuclei

The inhibitory transmitters glycine and GABA undergo a developmental shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing action (D/H-shift). To analyse this shift in functionally related nuclei of the rat superior olivary complex (SOC), we employed voltage-sensitive dye recordings in auditory brainstem slices. Complementarily, we analysed single neurons in gramicidin perforated-patch recordings. Our results show a differential timing of the D/H-shift in the four SOC nuclei analysed. In the medial superior olive (MSO), the shift occurred at postnatal day (P) 5-9. In the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPN), it occurred between embryonic day (E) 18 and P1. No D/H-shift was observed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) until P10. This is in line with the finding that most of the patched MNTB neurons displayed glycine-induced depolarizations between P0-9. While no regional differences regarding the D/H-shift were found within the MSO, SPN, and MNTB, we observed such differences in the lateral superior olive (LSO). All LSO regions showed a D/H-shift at P4-5. However, in the high-frequency regions, hyperpolarizations were large already at P6, yet amplitudes of this size were not present until P8 in the low-frequency regions, suggesting a delayed development in the latter regions. Our physiological results demonstrate that D/H-shifts in SOC nuclei are staggered in time and occur over a period of almost two weeks. Membrane-associated immunoreactivity of the Cl- outward transporter KCC2 was found in every SOC nucleus already at times when glycine was still depolarizing. This implies that the mere presence of KCC2 does not correlate with functional Cl- outward transport.     

Effect of kainate on the membrane conductance of hilar glial precursor cells recorded in the perforated-patch configuration

The effects of kainate on membrane current and membrane conductance were investigated in presumed hilar glial precursor cells of juvenile rats. The perforated-patch configuration was used also to reveal possible second-messenger effects. Kainate evoked an inward current that was accompanied by a biphasic change in membrane conductance in 69% of the cells. An initial conductance increase with a time course similar to that of the inward current was followed by a second delayed conductance increase. This second conductance was absent in whole-cell-clamp recordings, suggesting that it was mediated by a second messenger effect. Analysis of the reversal potentials of the membrane current during both phases of the kainate-induced conductance change revealed that the first conductance increase reflected the activation of AMPA receptors. Several lines of evidence suggest that the delayed second conductance increase was due to the indirect activation of Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ channels via Ca²⁺-influx through AMPA receptors. (1) the delayed second conductance increase was blocked by Ba²⁺ and the reversal of its underlying current was significantly shifted towards E_K+, suggesting that it is due to the activation of K⁺ channels. (2) The delayed second conductance increase disappeared in a Ca²⁺-free saline buffered with BAPTA, indicating that it depended on Ca²⁺-influx. (3) Co²⁺, Cd²⁺ and nimodipine failed to block the delayed second conductance increase excluding a major contribution of voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channels. (4) The involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors also appeared unlikely, because the kainate-induced delayed second conductance increase could not be blocked by a depletion of the intracellular Ca²⁺ stores with the Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin, and t-ACPD exerted no effect on membrane current and conductance. We conclude that kainate activates directly AMPA receptors in presumed hilar glial precursor cells. This results in a Ca²⁺ influx that could lead indirectly to the activation of Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ channels. GLIA 23:35–44, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

穿孔膜片钳技术在离子通道电流研究中的应用

目的:传统的全细胞膜片钳技术在离子通道电流的记录中存在机械稳定性差,对细胞的损伤大,以及胞内液的被渗析影响与细胞内信号转导和离子通道调控有关的第二信使物质的正常运行。而穿孔全细胞膜片钳技术应用二性霉素B或制霉菌素在细胞膜上形成特定的孔道,选择性地允许一些离子和大分子物质,从而使细胞内环境保持相对稳定,在一定程度上弥补了上述缺陷,实验成功率也相应提高。本文就穿孔膜片钳技术在全细胞离子通道电流记录中的应用进行探讨。