Dermatitis in bulb growers

A damaged skin forms a health hazard in flower-bulb growers as it enables higher permeation rates For pesticides than normal skin. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the skin condition of 103 bulb growers and 49 controls. Contact dermatitis of the hands was of the same order (11 and 10%) in both groups. However, minor signs of dermatitis were seen more often in bulb growers (30 versus 8%, p <0.05). Most growers had contact with narcissus sap during the investigation. This irritant sap, as well as many other skin contacts with irritants such as hyacinth dust and pesticides, seemed to be responsible for many skin complaints. Contact serialization was suspected in 19 growers and 3 controls. Patch tests showed that contact sensitization existed to pesticides in probably 10, and to flower-bulb extracts in 4 growers. Reactions to propachlor were not regarded as very reliable as the test concentration seemed to be marginally irritant. There were only a few allergic reactions to narcissus (3) and tulip (2) and none to hyacinth. This investigation showed that minor irritant contact dermatitis was frequent in bulb growers, and indicated that contact sensitization to pesticides and bulbs seemed to be a less frequent but important cause of dermatitis.     

急性百草枯中毒患者30d预后影响因素的研究

目的 探讨应用血液净化治疗后,急性百草枯中毒患者30 d预后的影响因素。方法 选取西安交通大学第一及第二附属医院符合纳排标准急性百草枯中毒患者(79例),电话随访服毒30 d时的预后,分为死亡组(n=40)及存活组(n=39);比较两组年龄、性别、既往高血压史、糖尿病史、服毒量、服毒至就诊的时间、中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比值、单核细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比值、尿素氮、肌酐、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间及急性病生理学和长期健康评价(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ),采用二分类Logistic回归分析预测死亡组的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)分析服毒量对死亡组的预测价值;应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析服毒量与30 d预后的关系。结果 服毒量及APACHEⅡ为30 d死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05);服毒量预测死亡组的AUC为0.882(P<0.001),临界值为40 mL(敏感度72.5%,特异度87.18...     

血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒临床观察

目的观察血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒的疗效。方法血液灌流治疗组（治疗组）22例在常规治疗的基础上，采用血液灌流治疗并观察疗效。非血液灌流治疗组（对照组）16例。结果治疗组22例中死亡14例，病死率为63．6％，对照组病死率87．5％，两组相比P〈0．05。结论血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒可提高治愈率，降低病死率，是临床上抢救百草枯中毒较有效的方法。     

百草枯中毒致肺损伤的CT表现

目的探讨百草枯中毒致肺损伤中的CT检查影像学特征和诊断价值。方法回顾性分析15例口服百草枯中毒致肺损伤病例的CT影像学资料。结果15例患者中毒早期（1～7d）主要CT表现包括支气管血管柬增粗伴支气管扩张显示轨道征（15／15）、磨玻璃密度影（14／15）、马赛克征（12／15）、树芽征（8／15）、肺实变（6／15）及胸膜下线（6／15）等；中毒中期（8～14d）主要表现支气管血管束增粗伴支气管扩张显示轨道征（11，11）、肺实变（7／11）及磨玻璃密度影（6／11）；中毒后期（〉14d）CT表现以肺实变（1／1）和纤维化（1／1）为主。结论百草枯中毒的肺部CT表现具有一定的特征性，其影像学变化对病情发展及指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

急性百草枯中毒严重程度的早期评估及预后

急性百草枯中毒(APP)死亡率高,可引起多器官功能障碍甚至衰竭,临床治疗方案常采用多项措施联合的集束化治疗。故在患者就诊早期即对APP严重程度进行评估,能够为临床治疗方法的选择提供指导,对启动不同级别的治疗措施和预后改善都具有重要的临床价值。本文就早期评估APP严重程度及预后的研究进展做一述评。     

姜黄素治疗急性百草枯中毒的临床研究

目的:探讨姜黄素治疗急性百草枯口服中毒的临床疗效。方法:选择2007年3月-2010年3月在院救治的急性百草枯口服中毒患者74例,分为常规治疗组、激素治疗组和姜黄素治疗组。3组均常规对症治疗,激素治疗组在此基础上给予地塞米松25mg,静脉注射,每日1次。姜黄素治疗组在此基础之上给予姜黄素500mg/kg,口服,每日1次。在治疗第3天、7天、21天进行疗效评价,并对各组患者所出现的并发症进行统计。常规治疗组、激素治疗组和姜黄素治疗组均根据服毒量分组比较(20%原液或相当量<50ml组和≥50ml组)。结果:中毒治疗第3天,7天,21天,各组相比较,激素治疗组和姜黄素治疗组存活率均明显比常规治疗组高(均P<0.05),而姜黄素治疗组生存率与激素治疗组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组并发症发生率,即肺纤维化、急性肾功能衰竭、肝功能衰竭、MODS、DIC等并发症在激素治疗组和姜黄素治疗组均明显低于常规治疗组(均P<0.05),而激素治疗组与姜黄素治疗组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对急性百草枯口服中毒患者给予姜黄素治疗,其存活率和严重并发症发生率得到一定程度的改善,初步显示较好的疗效。     

Effects of lysine aspirin on lung AQP5 expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats

Objective: This study explored the effects of lysine aspirin on lung aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats. Methods: Thirty healthy male Wales rats were randomly divided into three groups (n?=?10): the control group received 0.9% sodium chloride (0.4?mL, intragastric administration; 0.8?mL, intraperitoneal injection); the paraquat group received 40?mg/kg paraquat (intragastric administration) and 0.9% sodium chloride (intraperitoneal injection); and the paraquat + lysine aspirin group received 40?mg/kg paraquat (intragastric administration) and 20?mg/kg lysine aspirin (intraperitoneal injection). Rats were killed at 24 and 48?h. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed in lung tissue to determine the AQP5 mRNA and protein expression. Blood from the arterial vein was used to evaluate lymphocyte apoptosis. Results: The lung tissue of paraquat-treated rats displayed pulmonary hemorrhage, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. AQP5 mRNA and protein expression in the paraquat-treated group decreased after 24 and 48?h, whereas the peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis ratio significantly increased. In contrast, paraquat + lysine aspirin treatment ameliorated these changes. Conclusion: Paraquat decreases AQP5 expression in rat lungs and increases peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis. Lysine aspirin can reduce these alterations.     

Silymarin attenuates paraquat‐induced lung injury via Nrf2‐mediated pathway in vivo and in vitro

The present study aims to investigate the impacts and mechanisms of silymarin on paraquat (PQ)‐induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro. In in vivo experiments, a total of 32 male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups. The rats were killed on day 3. Histopathological changes in lung tissue were examined using HE and Masson's trichrome staining. Biomarkers of neutrophil activation, pulmonary oedema, pulmonary fibrosis, lung permeability and oxidative stress were detected. Several proinflammatory mediators and antioxidant related proteins were measured. In in vitro experiments, A549 cells were transfected with Nrf2 special siRNA to investigate the roles of Nrf2. The results show that silymarin administration abated PQ‐induced lung histopathologic changes, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lung wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio, suppressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO)/inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) expression, downregulated hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, reduced total protein concentration and proinflammatory mediator release, and improved oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, MDA; superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px) in lung tissue and serum. Meanwhile, treatment with silymarin upregulated the levels of nuclear factor‐erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase‐1(NQO1). However, the addition of Nrf2 siRNA reduced the expression of Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant protein HO‐1 and thus reversed the protective effects of silymarin against oxidative stress and inflammatory response. These results suggest that silymarin may exert protective effects against PQ‐induced lung injury. Its mechanisms were associated with the Nrf2‐mediated pathway. Therefore, silymarin may be a potential therapeutic drug for lung injury.     

百草枯致神经发育毒性的研究进展

百草枯是目前世界上使用最广泛的除草剂之一.它的急性毒性和长期低剂量接触所致的神经毒性一直被人们关注,对机体神经发育产生的影响也不容忽视.本文以近年来国内外有关百草枯神经发育毒性的研究为基础,综述其流行病学研究、实验动物研究以及可能的毒性机制等方面研究进展;结合本课题组的已有研究,提示百草枯的神经发育毒性可能与帕金森病发展密切相关,应予以广泛关注.