续筋接骨方治疗骨折临床观察

目的研究续筋接骨方治疗骨折的临床疗效。方法选取2018年1月—2018年6月在辽宁中医药大学附属第三医院就诊的骨折患者60例,所有患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组30例。观察组口服续筋接骨方联合正骨后小夹板固定治疗,对照组患者采用正骨后小夹板固定治疗。分析2组患者干预3个月后的血清骨代谢指标、骨密度、生活质量改善情况以及疗效判定。结果干预前,2组的血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、血清Ⅰ型前胶原氨端肽原(PINP)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平、钙、磷及骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组的β-CTX、PINP、骨特异性ALP水平、钙、磷及骨密度较干预前改善,观察组的改善效果优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预前,2组的物质生活、社会功能、躯体健康以及心理健康评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组的物质生活、社会功能、躯体健康以及心理健康评分较干预前升高,观察组的各项生活质量评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的治疗恢复率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论续筋接骨方可以改善骨折患者骨代谢功能及生活质量。     

Regeneration of the hamstring tendons after harvesting for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a histological study in 11 patients

The purpose of our study is to evaluate whether the hamstring tendons can regrow after harvesting for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and whether the regenerate tissue can be histologically characterized as tendinous. Eleven of the patients (eight female and three male; mean age, 23 years; range 17–37 years) consented to participate in this study. One year after the ACL reconstruction, surgical biopsy was done. Regeneration of the tendon was detected macroscopically in 9 of the 11 patients. Histologically and immunohistochemically, the regenerated tendons closely resembled normal ones. The results of this study show the hamstring tendons can regenerate after harvesting for the ACL reconstruction.     

保留胫骨止点的腘绳肌腱移植重建膝交叉韧带

目的 研究保留胫骨止点的自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建交叉韧带的优缺点。方法 自2001年7月至2005年3月间我院收治交叉韧带断裂患者33例，前交叉韧带断裂17例，后交叉韧带断裂10例，前后交叉韧带断裂并外侧副韧带断裂3例，前后交叉韧带并内侧副韧带断裂3例。其中男性28例，女性5例。平均年龄28．2岁（18-45岁）。平均随访时间3．9年（范围0．5～5年）。使用特制取腱器将半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱从肌腹中抽出，回折锁边缝合成四股，穿过胫骨和股骨隧道。远端经过骨孔以界面钉固定或经过骨桥固定。结果 按照JOA膝关节韧带损伤疗效判定标准，手术前后评分分别为46．0分和79．8分，Lysholm膝关节评分标准手术前后分别为54．4分和80．3分（P〈0．001）。胫骨前移：术前平均10．9mm（范围9～13mm），术后平均3．6mm（范围0～7mm）（P〈0．001）。结论 保留胫骨止点的腘绳肌肌腱移植，可以适用于前后交叉韧带重建，其优点是取材方便，并发症少，胫骨隧道不再需要内固定。     

The Costello syndrome: Are nasal papillomata essential?

Summary Two patients with the Costello syndrome are presented. One was a 7-year-old girl with a history of infantile hypotonia and feeding difficulties. The other was a 3 5/12-year-old boy with a history of neonatal sepsis and respiratory problems. Both had relative macrocephaly at birth, curly hair, large ear lobes, epicanthic folds, a low nasal bridge, thick lips, a short and wide nose, a short neck, a barrel chest, redundant skin, tight Achilles tendons, and pes equinovarus. Nasal papillomata, as described in Costello's two patients, were absent in both patients. Borochowitzet al. (1992) described five patients with what we interpreted as the Costello syndrome but without nasal papillomata. In view of these findings, nasal papillomata are not likely to be essential in the diagnosis of the Costello syndrome.     

人发角蛋白人工腱体内降解的形态学及泛肽、溶酶体酶的活性变化

目的阐明人发角蛋白(HHK)人工腱植入体内后的降解过程。方法选取30只新西兰大白兔,随机分为术后第1、3、6、9、12周实验组和正常对照组。实验组行跟腱切除后植入HHK人工腱,按期进行常规形态学观察和泛肽组化及酸性磷酸酶(AcP)酶细胞化学观察。结果光镜形态学观察显示,人工腱植入后第1周出现人发毛小皮脱落、消失,人发呈均质状,表面附着巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞,到第3~6周可见降解成颗粒的人工腱被巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞吞噬。泛肽酶组化显示第1~3周,人发周围的巨噬细胞、多核巨细胞和成腱细胞内反应呈强阳性,周围组织呈中等阳性,到第9周,大部分人发被降解,泛肽酶反应在基质呈弱阳性,在腱细胞中呈中等阳性。电镜形态学观察显示毛发之间出现成腱细胞,并开始分泌蛋白多糖和前胶原蛋白,第9~12周,人工腱基本被降解,同时完成了新生自体腱的形成。酶细胞化学观察显示被吞噬的颗粒呈AcP酶反应阳性。结论在HHK人工腱的降解过程中,泛肽系统首先在细胞外将大体积的人发降解,降解后期细胞内泛肽系统通路和溶酶体通路分别对吞入的人工腱颗粒进行降解,且具有协同作用。     

Apport d’une évaluation biomécanique dans la prise en charge des tendinopathies proximales des ischiojambiers : discussion à partir de deux cas cliniques

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to illustrate the benefits of static and dynamic biomechanical assessment, in addition to the conventional diagnostic approach in the management of patients with proximal hamstring tendinopathy.MethodTwo women, 30 years old, practicing intensive running (8–10 hours per week), presenting a proximal hamstring tendinopathy, were seen in consultation of biomechanical assessment. This multidisciplinary consultation includes a global static and dynamic assessment of the patient; dynamic assessment including video analysis and plantar pressure during walking and running on platform pressure plate.Cases reportEither 2 patients had pain in the buttock radiating to the posterior thigh, occurring during running and acceleration phases of sprint. Clinical examination showed just a pain in the ischium. Biomechanical assessment showed deficiency of the hip abductors and external rotators only for involved side for the 2 patients, responsible of a “sag” of the lower limb. Each of the 2 patients received a “conventional” rehabilitation, including stretching and eccentric exercises of the hamstring, associated with a specific care, according to the weaknesses identified in the biomechanical assessment, including hip external rotators. Full recovery of running was obtained at 4–6 weeks without subsequent recurrence.ConclusionProximal hamstring tendinopathy could be favoured by a deficiency of hip external rotators during walking or running only. It therefore seems appropriate to propose a static and dynamic biomechanical assessment in patients with proximal hamstring tendinopathy, looking for possible contributing/risks factors, such as dynamic hip internal rotation. Biomechanical assessment helps to target and adapt rehabilitation and could prevent the use of more invasive treatments.     

从“筋骨、痹痿、虚实、动静、刚柔”谈膝骨关节炎功能障碍的特点

膝骨关节炎(KOA)属于进展性骨关节病,其功能障碍主要表现为膝关节疼痛、僵硬、屈伸行走不利或受限,以及关节失稳、运动控制下降和本体感觉低下等。我国KOA患者众多,且还在逐年增加,引起的功能障碍严重影响着患者健康与生活质量,因此对其开展康复的研究与实践至关重要。中医康复着眼于功能,注重辨证康复,是我国康复医学的固有特色及优势。前期的研究基于KOA功能障碍的中医证候表现,本研究经大量文献梳理及多年临床实践,从“筋骨、痹痿、虚实、动静、刚柔”5个角度为切入点,提出KOA功能障碍具有“筋骨同病、痹痿并见、虚实错杂、动静失衡、刚柔失常”5个基本特点。鉴于KOA功能障碍具有早、中、晚三期的阶段性特点,在该病发生发展的不同阶段,其功能障碍在“筋骨、痹痿、虚实、动静、刚柔”之间的表现又各有所侧重。本研究从“筋骨同病、痹痿并见、虚实错杂、动静失衡、刚柔失常”5个方面分别阐释了KOA功能障碍的特点:“筋骨同病”侧重于病位,是KOA所致功能障碍的基本病机特征,贯穿于其发病的始终;“痹痿并见、虚实错杂”偏重病性,是KOA功能障碍的基本特点;“动静失衡”偏重病因,是引起KOA病情反复及加重的重要因素;“刚柔失常”则是兼具病状与病因,是膝关节失去“骨正筋柔”的表现方式,也是KOA功能障碍的重要特征。本研究旨在进一步完善KOA的中医康复理论,为其康复治疗提供参考。