Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

他汀类药物对心血管的保护作用

他汀类药物(statins)被研制出来的最初目的是降低血脂,但是现在发现它不仅具有降低血脂的作用,还具有很多其他的作用包括改善内皮细胞功能的紊乱,提高内皮源性一氧化氮合成酶的生物活性,抑制血管平滑肌细胞的增殖,抗氧化作用,抗炎作用,降低血压,逆转心血管系统的重构。充分理解statins的多效性作用及机制有利于它更好的在临床中被应用于心血管系统的预防和治疗。     

饮酒对小鼠睾丸生精小管一氧化氮合酶、增殖细胞核抗原表达及细胞凋亡影响的研究

目的　探讨酒精对小鼠睾丸的组织结构、内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)、增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)及细胞凋亡的影响。　方法　用 5 %、10 %及 15 % 3种不同浓度的酒精作用于 2 2d龄小鼠 ,取睾丸做石蜡切片、HE染色 ;用免疫组织化学方法检测睾丸eNOS、细胞增殖的变化 ;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡的变化 ,并进行统计学分析。　结果　随着酒精浓度的增大 ,睾丸组织结构发生明显改变 ,生精小管的直径逐渐减小 ,eNOS阳性细胞面积密度逐渐增大 ,单位面积内PCNA阳性细胞和凋亡细胞数目增加 ,高浓度酒精组与其他组差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。　结论　酒精可使生精小管的直径变小 ,eNOS及PCNA表达增强 ,凋亡细胞增加并随酒精浓度的增大而变化加重。这可能是过量饮酒导致生精细胞减少 ,生殖能力降低的重要因素。     

eNOS基因和MTHFR基因多态性与妊娠高血压综合征发病的相关性研究进展

〔摘要〕 妊娠高血压综合征（妊高征）产科常见的并发症，是引起孕产妇和围产儿死亡的主要原因之一，对其发病原因和机理尚不清楚。一般认为是由环境因素和遗传因素共同作用造成的，目前的研究热点是易感基因与妊高征的关系。本文对内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）基因和亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因多态性与妊高征发病的相关性进行了综述。     

金粉蕨素拮抗氧化损伤所抑制的内皮细胞增殖的作用及其机制

目的　探讨金粉蕨素拮抗Menadione氧化损伤所抑制的内皮细胞增殖的作用及其机制。方法　以Menadione(O- 2 )损伤人脐静脉内皮细胞作为氧化损伤模型 ,采用MTT法和细胞计数法 ,观察不同浓度金粉蕨素对Menadione损伤内皮细胞生长抑制率的影响 ;利用硝酸还原酶法测定培养液中NO含量 ;以Westernblot检测细胞eNOS活性及磷酸化ERK1 / 2的表达。结果　金粉蕨素保护组与损伤组相比 ,内皮细胞的生长抑制率明显降低 ,培养液中NO含量增高 ,eNOS活性增强 ,磷酸化ERK1 / 2表达上调。结论　NO和ERK1 / 2通路可能介导了金粉蕨素拮抗Menadione氧化损伤所抑制内皮细胞增殖的保护作用     

Choline acetyltransferase is found in terminals of horizontal cells that label with GABA, nitric oxide synthase and calcium binding proteins in the turtle retina

In this study, we discriminated the various types of horizontal cell in the turtle retina on their content of neuroactive substances. Double label immunocytochemistry was performed on sectioned and wholemount retina using antisera to neural- and endothelial-nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, and eNOS), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). H1 cells and their axon terminals label with CR, CB and GABA. Only H1 axon terminals label with eNOS. H2 cells contain CB, CR, nNOS and GABA maybe in their dendrites. H3 cells label only with nNOS. The localization of nNOS in the H2 and H3 cells is a novel finding. None of these antibodies labels H4 cells. The photoreceptor subtypes have been differentiated by different intensity of labeling with CB. The accessory member of the double cone is less intensely labeled with CB than the principal member and rods and blue cones do not appear to label at all. ChAT-IR is located in terminal boutons of H1 and H2 horizontal cells and H1 axon terminals and these boutons contact rods and all spectral types of cones. Clearly, GABA is present in H1 horizontal cells and may be used in neurotransmission between horizontal cells and possibly for feedback pathways to photoreceptors. The evidence of nNOS immunoreactivity in H2 and H3 horizontal cells, combined with available physiological evidence, suggests that NO may be involved in electrical coupling and/or modulation of synaptic input to these types of cells. Furthermore, our results raise the possibility that cholinergic synaptic transmission may occur from horizontal cell processes to photoreceptors in the outer plexiform layer of the turtle retina.     

eNOS基因变异与超重对早发冠心病的影响

目的探讨内皮型～氧化氮合成酶(eNOS)基因第7外显子G894T(Glu298Asp)变异与超重交互作用对早发冠心病的影响。方法采用以医院为基础的病例对照研究方法，选择新诊断的冠心病患者为研究对象；男性55岁以前及女性65岁以前患冠心病为早发冠心病；以132例早发冠心病患者为病例，172例迟发冠心病患者为对照组。运用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性检测G894T变异；用相加模型分析G894T变异与超重的交互作用。结果G894T变异与超重之间对早发冠心病具有正交互作用，协同效应指数(S)为1．45；交互效应超额相对危险度(RERI)为1．32；归因交互效应百分比(AP)为25．06％。用多元Logistic回归调整性别、吸烟、饮酒、腰臀比、甘油三酯、总胆固醇后，G894T变异与超重之间对早发冠心病仍具有正交互作用。调整上述混杂因素后，S为1．43；RERI为2.76；AP为27．21。结论eNOS基因G894T变异与超重在早发冠心病的患病中存在明显的正相加模型交互作用，使早发冠心病患病危险性增加近3倍；G894T变异与超重同时存在时，早发冠心病患病危险性中约27％是由于两者交互作用所导致。     

NO调控剂(S,S)-ZX-5及其对映体对血管内皮细胞NO释放及eNOS酶活性影响研究

目的：考察（S，S）-ZX-5及其对映体对血管内皮细胞一氧化氮（NO）释放和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）活性的影响，为开发通过增加NO释放而选择性改善脉络膜血流的药物提供理论依据。方法：采用细胞培齐技术和硝酸还原酶法在体外测定NO的释放量，用同位素方法测定[H^3]L-Arg催化生成[H3]L-Cit量的变化来反映eNOS活性．结果：（S，S）．ZX-5使NO生成显著增加，并与（S，S）-ZX-5的浓度相关，（R，R）-ZX-5对NO生成增加影响不显著；（S，S）-ZX-5显著提高了eNOS酶活性，（R，R）-ZX-5对eNOS酶活性影响不显著。结论：（S，S）-ZX-5改善脉络膜血流的机制可能是通过增强eNOS酶活性，促进细胞内NO释放增加而完成的。     

The possible antianginal effect of allopurinol in vasopressin-induced ischemic model in rats

The anti-anginal effects of allopurinol were assessed in experimental model rats of angina and their effects were evaluated with amlodipine. In the vasopressin-induced angina model, oral administration of allopurinol in dose of 10 mg/kg revealed remarkably analogous effects in comparison with amlodipine such as dose-dependent suppression of vasopressin-triggered time, duration and severity of ST depression. In addition, allopurinol produced dose dependent suppression of plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, systolic blood pressure, cardiac contractility and cardiac oxygen consumption; while in contrast, amlodipine minimally suppressed the elevation of plasma MDA level. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression, serum nitrate were strikingly increased, however lipid profile was significantly reduced. Seemingly, allopurinol was found to be more potent than amlodipine – a calcium channel antagonist. To conclude, it was explicitly observed and verified that on the ischemic electrocardiography (ECG) changes in angina pectoris model in rats, allopurinol exerts a significant protective effects, reminiscent of enhancement of vascular oxidative stress, function of endothelial cells, improved coronary blood flow in addition to the potential enhancement in myocardial stress. Moreover, our findings were in conformity with several human studies.