Status of Women and Infants in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies

Women and children bear the greatest burden in the midst of war and long‐term disasters. Complex humanitarian emergencies are characterized by social disruption, armed conflict, population displacement, collapse of public health infrastructure, and food shortages. Humanitarian assistance for refugees and internally displaced populations requires particular attention to the common issues affecting morbidity and mortality in women and infants. Gender‐based violence and reproductive health concerns are discussed within the context of populations affected by conflict and forced migration. Recommendations for midwives and women's health care providers engaging in care for women and children in complex humanitarian emergencies are discussed.     

Differentiating Large-scale Surge versus Daily Surge

This breakout session at the Academic Emergency Medicine 2006 Consensus Conference examined how baseline overcrowding impedes the ability of emergency departments to respond to sudden, unexpected surges in demand for patient care. Differences between daily and catastrophic surge were discussed, and the need to invoke a hospital-wide response to surge was explored.     

汶川地震陇南灾区伤情调查与分析

目的：调查分析汶川地震甘肃陇南伤情情况，进一步讨论如何采取措施应对突发灾害。方法：采用问卷调查、访谈等方法，对甘肃陇南地震受灾人口进行抽样调查，重点对伤员伤情、致伤原因、救治方法进行统计学分析。结果：在此次地震伤抽样调查中共有1652例，死亡16例，四肢骨折患者750例，占45．4％，精神、神经方面40例，占2．4％。通过有组织的及时救助伤员，减少了并发症的发生，降低了死亡率。结论：加强地震伤的预防与救治，从而有效地减少致死率和致残率。     

四川省自然灾害多发地区居民灾害健康知识行为现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查灾害多发地区居民健康知识和行为现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展针对性健康教育提供科学依据。 方法 对四川省什邡市、泸县和越西县的居民进行问卷调查。 结果 本研究共调查1600人,健康知识方面,呼吸道传染病知识知晓率为9.4%,消化道传染病知识知晓率为16.2%,急救电话知晓率为66.6%;地震室外安全做法知晓率为91.9%,地震室内安全做法知晓率为57. 6%,洪水逃生技巧知晓率为43.6%。健康行为方面,55.1%的居民从不会喝生水,54.9%的居民能掌握正确的洗手方式,86.4%的居民会在做菜时将生熟分开。Logistic回归分析结果显示,健康知识知晓率与民族(OR=0.240, 95% CI=0.146~0.396)、文化程度(OR=1.179, 95% CI=1.049~1.326)相关,健康行为形成率与地区(OR=1.266, 95% CI=1.020~1.570)、民族(OR=0.244, 95% CI=0.148~0.401)、文化程度(OR=1.388, 95% CI=1.243~1.551)、家庭总收入(OR=1.172, 95% CI=1.034~1.329)相关。结论 四川省居民自然灾害健康知识认知和健康行为形成存在问题,应广泛开展健康宣教活动,提高居民自救互救能力和防灾减灾意识,减少健康风险。     

农村移民双层医疗保障体系的结构分析

针对湖南省华容县灾害性移民的医疗问题，提出建立医疗救助和新型农村合作医疗两个层次的移民医疗保障体系，并分析新型农村合作医疗在移民地区的适用性。     

灾后快速卫生评估信息采集系统的设计与实现

为满足灾后快速卫生评估工作时效性要求高、信息需求动态变化的需求，在流行病学动态数据采集平台的基础上，建立了灾后快速卫生评估信息采集系统，实现了数据电子化、网络化采集，以及数据统一管理等功能。     

Global factors affecting child trauma and the need for ongoing child advocacy

Trauma has accompanied mankind since time immemorial, the brunt of it often carried by children: the weakest and most vulnerable. In the first part of this report seven important global factors affecting child trauma (inequity; childhood injuries; violence against children; road traffic crashes; alcohol; child labour; children in war) are discussed briefly in order to sketch the extent of the catastrophe. In view of this, the need for active and ongoing advocacy is highlighted in the second part. In order to motivate for ongoing advocacy, an example is provided of what can be achieved with limited resources.     

The potential health impacts of climate change: An overview

Climate change would have a range of impacts on human health. Health impacts would be caused by the direct effect of climatic factors on human health, such as heat stress, and possible changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as storms, floods and droughts. Impacts on health would also be mediated by the indirect effects of climate change, such as changes in availability of food and water and the distribution of vector‐borne diseases. The majority of health impacts would be adverse and would depend greatly on the vulnerability of populations.