采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据

目的采用Origin软件拟合DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据,比较其与DXI 800计算的数据差异,探讨采用Origin软件计算DXI 800未知数据的可能性。方法选择睾酮、总甲状腺素、雌二醇、肌钙蛋白I、促甲状腺激素、癌胚抗原和孕酮的定标数据,采用Origin软件拟合四参数logistic计算结果,与DXI 800发光仪计算的结果比较。结果采用Origin软件计算的结果与DXI 800计算的结果基本一致,平均偏倚介于-0.85%~1.68%之间。结论可以采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的未知结果。     

Supervised Balance Training and Wii Fit–Based Exercises Lower Falls Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Objectives

This study examined the benefits of and differences between 12 weeks of thrice-weekly supervised balance training and an unsupervised at-home balance activity (using the Nintendo Wii Fit) for improving balance and reaction time and lowering falls risk in older individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Relationship between Nintendo’s Wii balance board derived variables and clinical balance scores in individuals with stroke

BackgroundThe Wii Balance Board (WBB) is widely studied as a balance testing platform and is reliable in detecting changes in the body’s center of pressure (COP). However, the relationship between WBB derived measures and clinical tests of balance is currently unknown.Research questionTo investigate the association between static and dynamic COP measures from the WBB with balance tests commonly used in chronic stroke.MethodsThis retrospective study included sixty-nine individuals with stroke who performed the Berg Balance Score (BBS), the Mini-BESTest and WBB assessments as a part of their baseline measurements. The WBB assessments included body weight symmetry and a dynamic target matching task that measured Reaction Time (RT) and Completion Time (CT).ResultsBody weight symmetry performed with eyes open was significantly different between participants who were classified as high and moderate balance using the Mini-BESTest (p = 0.03). A significant negative linear correlation was observed between the BBS and CT (rho = -0.29, p = 0.021) and between the Mini-BESTest and RT (rho=-0.246, p = 0.05).SignificanceWe provide preliminary but weak evidence supporting the relationship between WBB derived variables in relevance to the BBS and Mini-BESTest. Further research is needed to fully understand the clinical utility of the WBB especially in a larger sample and to generalize these results to stroke survivors at all levels of ability.     

An examination of sex and racial/ethnic differences in the metabolic syndrome among adults: A confirmatory factor analysis and a resulting continuous severity score

Objective

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically diagnosed based on abnormalities in specific clustered clinical measures that are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, current MetS criteria result in racial/ethnic discrepancies. Our goals were to use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to delineate differential contributions to MetS by sub-group, and if contributions were discovered, develop sex and racial/ethnic-specific equations to calculate MetS severity.

Research Design and Methods

Using data on adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010, we performed a CFA of a single MetS factor that allowed differential loadings across groups, resulting in a sex and race/ethnicity-specific continuous MetS severity score.

Results

Loadings to the single MetS factor differed by sub-group for each MetS component (p < 0.001), with lower factor loadings among non-Hispanic-blacks for triglycerides and among Hispanics for waist circumference. Systolic blood pressure exhibited low factor loadings among all groups. MetS severity scores were correlated with biomarkers of future disease (high-sensitivity C-reactive-protein, uric acid, insulin resistance). Non-Hispanic-black-males with diabetics had a low prevalence of MetS but high MetS severity scores that were not significantly different from other racial/ethnic groups.

Conclusions

This analysis among adults uniquely demonstrated differences between sexes and racial/ethnic groups regarding contributions of traditional MetS components to an assumed single factor. The resulting equations provide a clinically-accessible and interpretable continuous measure of MetS for potential use in identifying adults at higher risk for MetS-related diseases and following changes within individuals over time. These equations hold potential to be a powerful new outcome for use in MetS-focused research and interventions.     

Experimental research on the relationship between fit accuracy and fracture resistance of zirconia abutments

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to investigate the correlation between fit accuracy and fracture resistance of zirconia abutments, as well as its feasibility for clinical applications.

Methods

Twenty self-made zirconia abutments were tested with 30 Osstem GSII implants. First, 10 Osstem GSII implants were cut into two parts along the long axis and assembled with the zirconia abutments. The microgaps between the implants and the zirconia abutments were measured under a scanning electron microscope. Second, the zirconia abutments were assembled with 20 un-cut implants and photographed before and after being fixed with a central screw of 30-N cm torque. The dental films were measured by Digora for Windows 2.6 software. Then the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments was measured using the universal testing machine at 90°. All results were analyzed using SPSS13.0 software.

Results

The average internal-hexagon microgaps between the implants and zirconia abutments were 19.38 ± 1.34 μm. The average Morse taper microgap in the implant–abutment interface was 17.55 ± 1.68 μm. The dental film showed that the Morse taper gap in the implant–abutment interface disappeared after being fixed with a central screw of 30-N cm torque, and the average moving distance of the zirconia abutments to the implants was 0.19 ± 0.02 mm. The average fracture resistance of zirconia abutments was 282.93 ± 17.28 N. The internal-hexagon microgap between the implants and zirconia abutments was negatively related to the fracture resistance of the abutments (r₁ = −0.97, p < 0.01). The Morse taper microgap in the implant–abutment interface was negatively related to the fracture resistance of the abutments (r₂ = −0.84, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The microgap between implant and abutment was negatively related to the fracture resistance of the abutment, while the internal-hexagon microgap has better correlation than the Morse taper microgap. The closure of microgap is helpful to improve the fracture resistance of zirconia abutments. The fracture resistance of zirconia abutments can satisfy the clinical application.     

Optimal heating conditions for forming a mouthguard using a circle tray: Effect of different conditions on the thickness and fit of formed mouthguards

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal heating conditions for sheet forming using a circle tray by comparing the thickness and fit of mouthguards formed under different conditions.MethodsMouthguards were fabricated using ethylene vinyl acetate sheets (4.0 mm thick) and a vacuum forming machine. The working model was trimmed to a height of 20 mm at the incisor and 15 mm at the first molar. Two forming conditions were compared: square sheets were pinched by the clamping frame attached to the forming machine; and round sheets were pinched at the top and bottom and stabilized by a circle tray. Each condition was defined when the sheet sagged by 10-mm or 15-mm below the level of the clamp. The thickness of the sheet was determined for the incisal and molar portion. Additionally, the difference in fit according to the forming conditions was measured by examining the cross section. Differences in the thickness or the fit due to forming conditions were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.ResultsThe thickness after formation was thicker at the 10-mm condition than that of 15-mm, and the fit at the 15-mm condition was better when that of 10-mm with square and round sheets.ConclusionWithin the limitation of this study, it was suggested that when forming a mouthguard using a 4.0-mm EVA sheet and a circle tray on a vacuum forming machine, the sheet should be formed at a sagging distance of 10-mm.     

数字化口腔修复（18）--CAD／CAM全瓷冠与个性化基台的适合性

目的：比较不同计算机辅助设计和制造（ computer aided design／manufacture,CAD／CAM）全瓷冠与氧化锆个性化基台的边缘和内部适合性。方法：用CAD／CAM分别设计和加工氧化锆个性化基台和全瓷冠3组（ IPS e． max、Enamic和Suprinity）,每组各5个全瓷冠。通过微机断层扫描（ micro computed tomography,micro?CT）测量全瓷冠与氧化锆个性化基台的绝对边缘差异（ absolute marginal discrepancy,AMD）、轴面间隙（ axial gap,AG）、咬合间隙（ oc?clusal gap,OG）,比较不同材料全瓷冠与氧化锆个性化基台的边缘和内部适合性。结果：Enamic组分别与IPS e． max组和Suprinity组AMD之间的比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;而IPS e． max组与Suprinity组AMD之间的差异则无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。 Suprinity组分别与IPS e． max组和Enamic组AG之间的比较差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;IPS e． max组与Enamic组AG之间的差异不具有统计学意义（P＞0．05）。 Suprinity组、IPS e． max组和Enamic组3组OG之间的比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：不同的CAD／CAM全瓷冠材料影响其边缘和内部适合性。 Suprinity和IPS e． max陶瓷材料的边缘适合性优于Enamic材料,Suprinity材料全瓷冠的轴面间隙和咬合间隙最小。     

Reproducibility and validity of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board for measuring shoulder sensorimotor control in prone lying

IntroductionFor the lower limbs, the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (NWBB) has been widely used to measure postural control. However, this has not been performed for upper limb measurements. Further, the NWBB has shown to produce more background noise with decreasing loads, which may be of concern when used for upper limb testing. The aim was to investigate reproducibility and validity of the NWBB.MethodsA test-retest design was performed with 68 subjects completing three different prone lying, upper limb weight-bearing balance tasks on a NWBB: two-arms, eyes closed (1) one-arm, non-dominant/non-injured (2) and one-arm, dominant/injured (3). Each task was repeated three times over the course of two test sessions with a 30-min break in between. Further, the level of background noise from a NWBB was compared with a force platform through systematic loading of both boards with increasing deadweights ranging from 5 to 90 kg.ResultsTest-retest reproducibility was high with ICCs ranging from 0.95 to 0.97 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). However, systematic bias and tendencies for funnel effects in the Bland Altman plots for both one-armed tests were present. The concurrent validity of the NWBB was low (CCC 0.17 (95% CI 0.12–0.22)) due to large differences between the NWBB and force platform in noise sensitivity at low deadweights (especially below 50 kg).ConclusionThe NWBB prone lying, shoulder sensorimotor control test was highly reproducible. Though, concurrent validity of the NWBB was poor compared to a force platform. Further investigation of the impact of the background noise, especially at low loads, is needed.