急性缺血性卒中大血管闭塞性质的判断与取栓方式和材料的选择

血管内机械取栓是治疗大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中的有效治疗方法。应结合病史、发
病形式及影像学检查等综合判断病变性质；依据病变性质并参考手术路径，个性化选择支架取栓、
抽吸取栓、球囊/支架血管成形术、动脉溶栓任一种或多种方法联合取栓；并依据手术方式选择手
术材料，以快速高效地完成手术。     

自制机械祛栓器械治疗急性大块肺动脉栓塞的实验研究

目的检测自制机械祛栓器在动物体内应用的祛栓效能、可行性和安全性。方法杂种犬7只,采用经股静脉插管至一侧肺动脉主干后注入血栓制作急性大块肺动脉栓塞模型,模型制作成功半小时后开始进行祛栓,入路分别采取经右股静脉5只,左股静脉、右侧颈内静脉各1只。记录祛栓时间和抽出血液量;并行血管造影,肺动脉压测定;血气测定;动物在祛栓2h后处死。结果1只犬在祛栓过程中损伤肺动脉引起出血死亡,6只均顺利完成本实验。平均祛栓干预时间为2.4min,收集的血液平均为84ml;祛栓后中央肺动脉基本通畅;肺动脉压均可降至正常水平;血气也大部恢复正常水平;病理切片显示祛栓后被栓塞中央动脉腔通畅。结论实验初步证实本器械在急性大块肺栓塞的祛栓治疗中是可行的,基本上安全。     

Effectiveness of Anchoring with Balloon Guide Catheter and Stent Retriever in Difficult Mechanical Thrombectomy for Large Vessel Occlusion

ObjectiveA distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is important. However, delivering a large bore aspiration catheter is difficult to a tortuous or atherosclerotic artery. We report the experience of anchoring with balloon guide catheter (BGC) and stent retriever to facilitate the passage of an aspiration catheter in MT. MethodsWhen navigating an aspiration catheter failed with a conventional co-axial microcatheter delivery, an anchoring technique was used. Two types of anchoring technique were applied to facilitate distal navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter during MT. First, a passage of aspiration catheter was attempted with a proximal BGC anchoring technique. If this technique also failed, another anchoring technique with distal stent retriever was tried. Consecutive patients who underwent MT with an anchoring technique were identified. Details of procedure, radiologic outcomes, and safety variables were evaluated. ResultsA total of 67 patients underwent MT with an anchoring technique. Initial trial of aspiration catheter passage with proximal BGC anchoring technique was successful for 35 patients (52.2%) and the second trial with distal stent retriever anchoring was successful for 32 patients (47.8%). Overall, navigation of a large bore aspiration catheter was successful for all patients (100%) without any procedure related complications. ConclusionOur study showed the usefulness of anchoring technique with proximal BGC and distal stent retriever during MT, especially in those with an unfavorable anatomical structure. This technique could be an alternative option for delivering an of aspiration catheter to a distal location.     

重症下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨综合应用下腔静脉滤器置入、手术取栓、同时处理Cockett综合征、术后抗凝及溶栓等方法 治疗重症下肢深静脉血栓(股青肿)的疗效.方法 回顾近10余年9例重症下肢深静脉血栓患者的临床资料.9例中8例行下腔静脉滤器置入、手术取栓、术后抗凝及溶栓,8例中有7例为左下肢深静脉血栓患者.均发现合并不同程度的Cockett综合征,其中2例同时处理Cockett综合征;9例中1例(左下肢深静脉血栓患者)行下肢静脉溶栓术.结果 所有患者均无肺栓塞发生,经手术的8例患者除1例(左下肢深静脉血栓患者)术后出现湿性坏疽,被迫截肢外,其余7例均取得较为满意的疗效,挽救了患肢.1例行下肢静脉溶栓的患者死亡.1个月后复查彩超,没有同时处理Cockett综合征的5例中有2例左下肢血栓患者复发血栓,但均未再次发展为股青肿.7例随访1.5～10年,均未发生严重并发症.结论 综合应用下腔静脉滤器置人、手术取栓、同时处理Cockett综合征、术后抗凝及溶栓等方法 是治疗重症下肢深静脉血栓(股青肿)的有效方法 ,Cockett综合征是左下肢DVT取栓术后复发的重要原因.     

Impact of Oral Thrombolysis After Catheter-based Thrombectomy in Acute and Subacute Submassive Pulmonary Thromboembolism

@@     

Simple mechanical thrombectomy with intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis in pulmonary thromboembolism: a small case series

Pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE） is a life-threatening condition with a high early mortality rate caused by acute right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock. We report a series of three patients who presented with acute and subacute submassive PTE. They were suc-cessfully treated by simple catheter-based mechanical thrombectomy and intrapulmonary arterial thrombolysis. Mechanical fragmentation and aspiration of thrombus was performed by commonly used J-wire, multi-purpose and Judkin Right guiding catheters and this obviated the need of specific thrombectomy devices.     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术的麻醉管理要点。方法回顾性分析2010年12月一2014年6月3例后腹腔镜肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓根治术患者的围术期临床资料。I型癌栓2例,Ⅱ型癌栓1例。气管插管全身麻醉,Ⅱ型癌栓术中行短暂下腔静脉阻断。结果3例均顺利完成取栓,无中转开腹,手术时间244、333、289rain,1例下腔静脉完全阻断时间10rain,术中均未发生肺栓塞及其他严重麻醉并发症。l例术后拔管返回普通病房,2例转入ICU后24h内拔气管导管并转回普通病房。结论后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除并下腔静脉癌栓取出术是新型、高危但可行的手术方式,麻醉医师应当熟知具体手术操作步骤,以制定相关麻醉计划并密切配合,密切关注下腔静脉阻断期间循环波动,严防大出血、肺栓塞等严重并发症的发生。     

Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with alteplase remains the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Although IVT can be started up to 4.5 hours after symptoms’ onset, it is all the more effective and safe when started early. It allows a 10% absolute reduction in the risk of handicap or death at 3 months, despite a 2–7% risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Current research efforts involve firstly trying to treat a larger proportion of patients by overcoming some of the contraindications to IVT and secondly assessing combined or alternative treatments to achieve a higher early recanalization rate.     

Straub Rotarex System血栓旋切器治疗动脉血栓栓塞的临床应用

目的探讨Straub Rotarex System血栓旋切器治疗动脉血栓栓塞的疗效及应用价值。方法9例下肢动脉栓塞的患者,其中动脉栓塞4例,股动脉栓塞3例,髂动脉栓塞1例,髂动脉闭塞合并动脉栓塞1例。栓塞原因5例为动脉硬化,4例为心脏栓子脱落;病程1 d~5个月;栓塞长度为5~13 cm;对1例左髂动脉闭塞及动脉栓塞患者先行左髂动脉血管内扩张成形及支架置入术后再对动脉血栓行旋切治疗,8例动脉栓塞患者直接采用血管内血栓旋切治疗,对其中2例旋切治疗术后血管狭窄>50%的患者行球囊扩张治疗。术后给予抗凝、抗感染治疗1周。结果9例患者顺利完成了血栓旋切、球囊扩张及支架置入治疗,血栓被清除、血管狭窄消失、血流恢复正常,未出现并发症。结论StraubRotarex血栓旋切器治疗动脉血栓栓塞是一种安全、高效的新方法,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Cost-effectiveness of stent-retriever thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion strokes of the anterior circulation: Analysis from the French societal perspective

ObjectivesTo determine the cost-effectiveness of stent retriever thrombectomy (SRT) added to standard of care (SOC) in large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes, adopting the French societal perspective given the lack of published studies with such perspective.MethodsWe developed an hybrid model (decision tree until one year post-stroke followed by a Markov model from one year onward). The time horizon was 20 years. We calculated transition probabilities across the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) based on a published meta-analysis. The main outcome measure was quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. Resources and input costs were derived from a literature search. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as cost/QALY. We used 1-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) to evaluate the model uncertainty.ResultsIn the base-case, adding SRT to SOC resulted in increased effectiveness of 0.73 QALY while total costs were reduced by 3,874€ (ICER of −5,400€/QALY). In the scenario analysis adopting the French healthcare system perspective, the ICER was 4,901€/QALY. Parameters the most influential were the relative risks of SRT over SOC for 90-days mortality and for 90-days mRS 0–2, and the time horizon. PSA showed the 95% confidence interval of the ICER was −21,324 to 4,591€/QALY, with SRT having 85.5% chance to be dominant and 100% to be cost-effective at a threshold of 50,000€/QALY.ConclusionSRT was dominant from a French societal perspective, from 9 years post-stroke onwards. Cost-effectiveness of SRT added to SOC becomes undisputable with evidences from payer and societal viewpoints.