脑深部电刺激术治疗毁损术后帕金森病的疗效

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激术（DBS）治疗苍白球或丘脑毁损术后帕金森病的疗效与安全性。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2021年3月毁损术后复发或出现新症状而行DBS治疗的33例帕金森病的临床资料。DBS后6个月,采用统一帕金森病量表（UPDRS）运动功能（UPDRS Ⅲ）评分和生活能力（UPDRS Ⅱ）评分、H-Y分期、简明精神量表评分（MMSE）以及左旋多巴等效日剂量（LEDD）评估疗效以及用药情况;记录刺激频率、脉宽、电压、阻抗,并计算刺激能量。结果 术后随访6个月~8.25年,未出现言语障碍、眼球活动障碍、偏瘫、颅内出血或梗死、癫痫发作、颅内感染病例,无硬件故障;5例因电池耗竭行脉冲发生器置换术。DBS后6个月,UPDRS Ⅲ评分、UPDRS Ⅱ评分、H-Y分期、LEDD均较术前明显降低（P<0.05）,而MMSE评分较术前无明显变化（P>0.05）;和非毁损侧相比,毁损侧肢体震颤评分改善率明显增高（P<0.05）,但僵硬评分改善率、运动迟缓评分改善率均无明显变化（P>0.05）;和非毁损侧相比,毁损侧刺激电压和刺激能量明显降低（P<0.05）,但刺激频率、脉宽和阻抗无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 PD病人神经核团毁损术后复发或出现新症状,DBS是安全、有效的,毁损侧DBS后电刺激所需能量及电压更低。     

Predictors of thermal response and lesion size in patients undergoing magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is being increasingly utilized in the treatment of movement disorders such as essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Whilst skull density ratio (SDR) has previously been correlated with achieving lesional temperature rises, other patient factors such as brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume have not previously been investigated. We aimed to investigate the effect of brain and CSF volumes on lesional temperature rises, as well as the effect of brain and CSF volumes and SDR on post-treatment lesion sizes. Fifty-four consecutive patients were studied with patient and treatment-related variables collected along with post-treatment lesion sizes. Linear regression analysis identified that SDR alone was associated with lesional temperatures. Both SDR and brain atrophy were associated with post-treatment lesion sizes on linear regression analysis. On multiple linear regression analysis SDR was significantly associated with post-treatment lesion size, and the association between brain atrophy and lesion sizes approached significance, a finding that warrants further investigation.     

Radiofrequency lesioning through deep brain stimulation electrodes: A pilot study of lesion geometry and temperature characteristics

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have been used effectively to perform radiofrequency lesions in the brain. This study aimed to characterize lesion geometry and peak tissue temperature achieved when lesioning through DBS electrodes. Fresh bovine liver was chosen for a medium as the tissue reliably changes color between 45 and 50°C. Medtronic 3387 DBS electrodes (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) and the Cosman G4 Radiofrequency Generator (Cosman Medical, Inc., Burlington, MA, USA) were used for lesioning. Bipolar lesions were created at currents between 25 mA and 100 mA for 60–120 seconds. Peak tissue temperature was monitored with Cosman disposable cordotomy electrode (LCED; Cosman Medical Inc.) and recorded. Photographic analysis of the lesions was performed. Tissue impedance ranged between 800–900 Ohms, and tissue temperature was maintained at 20°C. With lesions at 25 mA for up to 120 seconds, maximal tissue temperature achieved was 36°C. This correlated with no visible lesions. At 50 mA, maximal tissue temperature exceeded 100°C, which was associated with tissue charring. Lesions created at 35 mA and 40 mA led to an increase in tissue temperature of 63°C and 75°C, respectively. Lesion size was highly reproducible, increasing from 4.5 mm × 7 mm at 35 mA, to 6 mm × 7.5 mm at 50 mA. Preliminary analysis suggests that caution should be exerted in using lesion amplitudes exceeding 40 mA (at 800 Ohms), as peak tissue temperatures in vivo could exceed 100°C. Further in vivo experiments with imaging correlates are needed to further test the safety of this technique.     

MR导向丘脑、苍白球毁损治疗锥体外系疾病

从１９９５年１０月～１９９６年５月，我们使用Ｌｅｋｓｅｌｌ－Ｇ型定向仪，１．０ｔｅｓｌａ超导磁共振导向，对３４例（男２１例，女１３例）锥体外系疾病（ＰＤ２７例，扭转痉挛３例，意向性震颤４例）进行靶点毁损术，通过临床效果和术前、后ＭＲ复查，证实ＭＲ导向三维误差＜１ｍｍ，ＭＢＩ导向的功能性神经外科疾病治疗，几何图像失真小，清晰，靶点易辨认，术后反应小，若在电生理监测下更安全、有效。     

颅内核团射频毁损治疗帕金森病若干问题探讨

目的：探讨和研究颅内射频毁损治疗帕金森病的方法,效果,术后并发症与反应等有关问题。方法：回顾性分析我院近一年来收治的104例帕金森病,应用CT解剖定位和微电极电生理记录细胞定位方法,行丘脑腹外侧核或／和苍白球腹后内侧部射频毁损治疗,术前,术后3月,半年和一年采用Webster记分,改善在1％－19％为好转,20％－59％为有效,60％以上为显效。结果：104例患中,术后3月内改善98例,总有效率达94．2％,6例症状改善不明显。67例随访6－12月,症状改善54例,有效率80．6％,16例出现一过性嗜睡,呃逆;2例出现一过性偏瘫,5例出现颅内少量出血,其中2例术后立即发生毁损点少量出血,3例术后6d内出现针道周围出血,1例术后3月因肺部感染死亡。结论：微电极电生理定位颅内核团毁损是治疗帕金森病安全的和有效的方法,但应注意掌握适应症,精确定位,提高治愈率。     

Evidence that ventrolateral thalamotomy may eliminate the supraspinal component of both pathological and physiological tremors

Ventrolateral (VL) thalamotomy produced a marked reduction of oscillations related to the supraspinal components of Parkinson's disease tremor (4-7 Hz) and physiological tremor (8-12 Hz). Finger tremor was examined in nine patients undergoing unilateral VL thalamotomy and in nine age-matched controls. In comparison to the preoperative state, the relative percentage of power within the 7.6-12.5 Hz band did not increase after the surgical procedure. Furthermore, the amount of absolute power within the 7.6-12.5 Hz band was much lower for post-surgical patients in comparison to matched controls when periods of tremor having equal amplitudes were compared. These results suggest that VL thalamotomy interrupts a common circuit involved in the supraspinal component of both physiological and pathological tremors. We provide evidence that the thalamus may be involved in circuits generating physiological tremor in humans.     

微电极靶点定位外科治疗帕金森病

目的探讨微电极记录技术在帕金森病外科治疗中的作用。方法采用微电极电生理记录技术监测术中靶点，对帕金森病31例进行手术治疗，其中苍白球毁损术14例、丘脑毁损术6例、深部脑电刺激术11例。结果最终毁损靶点较MR定位靶点位置更换率为80．6％，手术效果优良，有效率100％，原有症状术后改善率达87．1％，无永久并发症。结论微电极记录技术的应用能显著提高定位精度，减少并发症和提高手术效果。     

运动障碍性疾病立体定向脑深部刺激术和毁损术中脑出血原因分析

目的 分析运动障碍性疾病立体定向手术中脑出血危险因素,以降低脑出血并发症.方法 对689例运动障碍性疾病进行了立体定向脑深部刺激术(DBS)和毁损术,共有853个靶点进行了手术治疗,其中丘脑底核(STN)刺激术188个,丘脑腹中间核(Vim)刺激术5个,苍白球内侧部DBS 2个,苍白球腹后部毁损术(PVP)478个,Vim毁损术180个.结果 术后无症状性脑出血14例,症状性脑出血10例.有高血压病史患者脑出血发牛率明显高于无高血压病史患者.在微电极记录2-4条针道的手术靶点中,脑出血发生率显著高于微电极记录1条针道的脑出血发生率.DBS、PVP及Vim毁损术靶点脑出血发生率分别为0.5%、3.6%及3.3%,前者发生率明显低于后两者.结论 高血压病史是帕金森病立体定向手术并发脑出血的危险因素,微电极记录针道数与脑出血发生率成明显正相关,脑深部刺激术是较毁损术更安全的外科治疗方法.     

选择性丘脑毁损术治疗运动失调症36例临床分析

目的 探讨选择性丘脑毁损术治疗不同类型运动失调症的方法和疗效.方法 仔细分析36例不同类型运动失调的病人(帕金森病23例、书写痉挛症10例、痉挛性斜颈2例、全身扭转性痉挛症2例)等运动失调的临床特征,选择正确的丘脑靶核团,运用脑深部微电极引导下的立体定向技术准确定位靶核团,并对其进行微小体积的射频毁损,有效控制了运动失调.结果 全部病人的症状术后立即得到改善,随访2～16个月,1例帕金森病人震颤复发,同一病人出现较长时间的术后感觉异常并发症.无偏瘫和永久的构音障碍.结论 选择性丘脑毁损术对治疗不同类型运动失调症是十分有效的.