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1.
发作性睡病是致残性白天睡眠增多的最常见原因之一,其治疗旨在减少白天睡眠增多和猝倒,改善夜间睡眠紊乱、睡眠瘫痪及与睡眠有关的幻觉。2019年,组胺H3受体拮抗剂替洛利生(Pitolisant)和多巴胺及去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂索利氨酯(Solriamfetol)分别在欧盟和美国上市,前者具有促醒和抗猝倒作用,后者也有促醒作用,且戒断症状和滥用的发生率更低。目前,控释型羟丁酸钠(FT218)、低钠型羟丁酸盐(JZP-258)、选择性去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(瑞波西汀,又称AXS-12)以及莫达非尼联合氟卡尼制剂(THN102)等药物仍在开发和测试中,均可作为治疗发作性睡病相关白天睡眠增多和猝倒的潜在药物。本文重点介绍这些最近研发的发作性睡病治疗药物。 相似文献
2.
《Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine》2020,21(11):572-577
Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are catecholamine-secreting neuroendocrine tumours. These tumours may be identified incidentally, as part of a work-up for multiple endocrine neoplasia or following haemodynamic surges during unrelated procedures. Advances in preoperative management and improved management of intraoperative haemodynamic instability have significantly reduced surgical mortality from around 40% to less than 3%. Surgery is the definitive treatment in most cases and laparoscopic resection where possible is associated with improved outcomes. Anaesthetic management of PPGL cases represents a unique haemodynamic challenge both before, during and after tumour resection. In this article we describe the physiology of these tumours, their diagnosis, preoperative optimization methods, intraoperative anaesthetic management and management of postoperative complications. 相似文献
3.
Alexandra Katsimardou Konstantinos Imprialos Konstantinos Stavropoulos Alexandros Sachinidis Michalis Doumas 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2020,21(10):1241-1252
ABSTRACT
Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic, autoimmune disease that is characterized by total absence of insulin production. Hypertension is a common comorbidity in T1DM with complex pathophysiology, while it is also a well-recognized risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as other microvascular diabetic complications. 相似文献4.
《Clinical neurophysiology》2021,132(12):3104-3115
ObjectiveWe aimed to establish an objective neurophysiological test protocol that can be used to assess the somatosensory nervous system.MethodsIn order to assess most fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system, repetitive stimuli of seven different modalities (touch, vibration, pinprick, cold, contact heat, laser, and warmth) were synchronized with the electroencephalogram (EEG) and applied on the cheek and dorsum of the hand and dorsum of the foot in 21 healthy subjects and three polyneuropathy (PNP) patients. Latencies and amplitudes of the modalities were assessed and compared. Patients received quantitative sensory testing (QST) as reference.ResultsWe found reproducible evoked potentials recordings for touch, vibration, pinprick, contact-heat, and laser stimuli. The recording of warm-evoked potentials was challenging in young healthy subjects and not applicable in patients. Latencies were shortest within Aβ-fiber-mediated signals and longest within C-fibers. The test protocol detected function loss within the Aβ-fiber and Aδ-fiber-range in PNP patients. This function loss corresponded with QST findings.ConclusionIn this pilot study, we developed a neurophysiological test protocol that can specifically assess most of the somatosensory modalities. Despite technical challenges, initial patient data appear promising regarding a possible future clinical application.SignificanceEstablished and custom-made stimulators were combined to assess different fiber subtypes of the somatosensory nervous system using modality-specific evoked potentials. 相似文献
5.
目的:探讨改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法方便选择自2009年12月—2014年11月该院收治的重型颅脑损伤病例70例,随机分为改良组和对照组2组,每组35例,改良组施行改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术,对照组按标准大骨瓣开颅、硬脑膜一次性全切开,对比分析两组的并发症发生率及预后。结果改良组发生迟发性颅内血肿、大面积脑梗塞及弥漫性脑肿胀等并发症9例(25.7%,9/35),预后良好者23例(65.7%,23/35),对照组发生并发症19例(54.3%,19/35),预后良好者14例(40.0%,14/35),两组并发症发生率和预后差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良大骨瓣联合软通道微创介入逐渐减压术治疗重型颅脑损伤,效果良好,显著降低死亡率。 相似文献
6.
Michael M Gezalian Luigi Mangiacotti Padmesh Rajput Nicklaus Sparrow Konrad Schlick Shouri Lahiri 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2021,41(4):693
Adrenoceptor and calcium channel modulating medications are widely used in clinical practice for acute neurological and systemic conditions. It is generally assumed that the cerebrovascular effects of these drugs mirror that of their systemic effects – and this is reflected in how these medications are currently used in clinical practice. However, recent research suggests that there are distinct cerebrovascular-specific effects of these medications that are related to the unique characteristics of the cerebrovascular anatomy including the regional heterogeneity in density and distribution of adrenoceptor subtypes and calcium channels along the cerebrovasculature. In this review, we critically evaluate existing basic science and clinical research to discuss known and putative interactions between adrenoceptor and calcium channel modulating pharmacotherapies, the neurovascular unit, and cerebrovascular anatomy. In doing so, we provide a rationale for selecting vasoactive medications based on lesion location and lay a foundation for future investigations that will define neuroprotective paradigms of adrenoceptor and calcium channel modulating therapies to improve neurological outcomes in acute neurological and systemic disorders. 相似文献
7.
8.
Wilbert S Aronow 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2016,17(2):205-215
Introduction: It is important to know how to treat hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The reason for the review was to update this treatment and to discuss the 2015 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/American Society of Hypertension 2015 guidelines of treatment of hypertension in patients with CAD.Areas covered: Studies between 1968 and 2015 were reviewed on treatment of hypertension in patients with CAD using a Medline search, and studies between 1977 and 2015 were reported. Hypertension should be treated with beta blockers and ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). Long-acting nitrates are effective antianginal and anti-ischemic drugs. Calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) may be added if angina persists despite beta blockers and long-acting nitrates. The 2015 guidelines recommend that the blood pressure should be < 140/90 mm Hg in patients aged ≤ 80 years and the systolic blood pressure < 150 mm Hg if they are ≥ 80 years.Expert opinion: Hypertension in patients with CAD should be treated with beta blockers and ACE inhibitors or ARBs. Long-acting nitrates are effective antianginal and anti-ischemic drugs. CCBs may be added if angina persists despite beta blockers and long-acting nitrates. The blood pressure should be < 140/90 mm Hg in patients aged < 80 years and the systolic blood pressure < 150 mm Hg if they are ≥ 80 years. 相似文献
9.
10.
丙戊酸钠治疗对血清瘦素、体重指数的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的服用丙戊酸钠(VPA)抗癫痫治疗的患者,15%~70%的成人可发生体重增加[1-2],而瘦素在体重和能量平衡的调节中起重要影响,近年来许多研究表明VPA引起的体重改变可能与瘦素有关。探讨丙戊酸钠抗癫痫治疗对血清瘦素的影响,该影响与患者体重改变的相关性,以及瘦素的可能机制。方法以丙戊酸钠治疗超过3个月的33例癫痫患者为治疗组,20例未经丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫患者作为对照组来比较,检测患者体重、身高、血清瘦素水平,比较两组的体重指数(BMI)、血清瘦素水平。结果丙戊酸钠治疗组的血清瘦素(8.8503±4.7924)ug/ml与对照组(2.8490±1.3962)ug/ml比较有增高,治疗组BMI(23.7202±2.5182)高于对照组(20.8468±1.6815)。结论丙戊酸钠治疗可能引起血清瘦素、体重指数增高,很可能通过诱导导致瘦素抵抗的机制之一,从而导致患者体重增加。 相似文献