马桑内酯致痫后大鼠海马生长抑素mRNA表达的变化

为探讨马桑内酯致痫与生长抑素的关系，用原位杂交组织化学法研究了马桑内酯致痫后大鼠海马生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ阳性神经元的变化，结果表明：致痫组大鼠ＣＡ１，ＣＡ２区及齿状回生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ的反应明显增强，以上各区的中，小神经内生长抑素ｍＲＮＡ神经元的数目及强度明显高于正常对照组，两者有显著性差异。     

Adaptive training of cortical feature maps for a robot sensorimotor controller

This work investigates self-organising cortical feature maps (SOFMs) based upon the Kohonen Self-Organising Map (SOM) but implemented with spiking neural networks. In future work, the feature maps are intended as the basis for a sensorimotor controller for an autonomous humanoid robot. Traditional SOM methods require some modifications to be useful for autonomous robotic applications. Ideally the map training process should be self-regulating and not require predefined training files or the usual SOM parameter reduction schedules. It would also be desirable if the organised map had some flexibility to accommodate new information whilst preserving previous learnt patterns. Here methods are described which have been used to develop a cortical motor map training system which goes some way towards addressing these issues. The work is presented under the general term ‘Adaptive Plasticity’ and the main contribution is the development of a ‘plasticity resource’ (PR) which is modelled as a global parameter which expresses the rate of map development and is related directly to learning on the afferent (input) connections. The PR is used to control map training in place of a traditional learning rate parameter. In conjunction with the PR, random generation of inputs from a set of exemplar patterns is used rather than predefined datasets and enables maps to be trained without deciding in advance how much data is required. An added benefit of the PR is that, unlike a traditional learning rate, it can increase as well as decrease in response to the demands of the input and so allows the map to accommodate new information when the inputs are changed during training.     

A new manometry device for evaluating the sphincter of Oddi using a fiber-optic pressure sensor

Introduction: Although measuring the pressure of the sphincter of Oddi and the bile duct is considered to be an important examination, called Sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM), some complications related to the SOM device remain unsolved.

Material and methods: To decrease adverse complications, we developed a 0.46?mm manometry and we performed some in vitro studies.

Results: We successfully developed a 0.46?mm SOM. The diameter is the thinnest size used in endoscopic examinations. The results of in vitro studies show the suitability as SOM.

Conclusion: This device will decrease the risks related to SOM examination. To confirm the safety and feasibility, further studies including in vivo studies will be needed.     

Pancreatic stenting prevents pancreatitis after biliary sphincterotomy in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Background & Aims: Patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction are at high risk of developing pancreatitis after endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy. Impaired pancreatic drainage caused by pancreatic sphincter hypertension is the likely explanation for this increased risk. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine if ductal drainage with pancreatic stenting protects against pancreatitis after biliary sphincterotomy in patients with pancreatic sphincter hypertension. Methods: Eligible patients with pancreatic sphincter hypertension were randomized to groups with pancreatic duct stents (n = 41) or no stents (n = 39) after biliary sphincterotomy. The primary measured outcome was pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Results: Pancreatic stenting significantly decreased the risk of pancreatitis from 26% to 7% (10 of 39 in the no stent group and 3 of 41 in the stent group; P = 0.03). Only 1 patient in the stent group developed pancreatitis after sphincterotomy, and 2 others developed pancreatitis at the time of stent extraction. Patients in the no stent group were 10 times more likely to develop pancreatitis immediately after sphincterotomy than those in the stent group (relative risk, 10.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–78.3). Conclusions: Pancreatic duct stenting protects significantly against post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with pancreatic sphincter hypertension undergoing biliary sphincterotomy. Stenting of the pancreatic duct should be strongly considered after biliary sphincterotomy for sphincter of Oddi dysfunction; pancreatic sphincter of Oddi manometry identifies which high-risk patients may benefit from pancreatic stenting.GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;115:1518-1524     

龙胆泻肝胶囊治疗肝胆湿热型分泌性中耳炎临床研究

目的:研究龙胆泻肝胶囊治疗肝胆湿热型分泌性中耳炎(SOM)的效果。方法:选取78例肝胆湿热型分泌性中耳炎患者,按随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组各39例。2组均采用鼓膜穿刺术治疗,对照组术后给予头孢克洛和氯雷他定抗感染治疗,试验组给予龙胆泻肝胶囊。评价2组治疗效果,检测治疗前后血清干扰素γ(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,计算IFN-γ/IL-4,进行中医证候评分,观察患耳含积液情况。结果:试验组总有效率为92.31%,高于对照组71.79%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组IFN-γ、IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组IFN-γ、IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4较治疗前降低,且试验组IFN-γ、IL-4和IFN-γ/IL-4均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组各项中医症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组各项中医症状评分及总分较治疗前降低,试验组各项中医症状评分及总分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组耳内含积液率为71.79%,低于对照组89.74%(P<0.05)。结论:采用龙胆泻肝胶囊治疗肝胆湿热型分泌性中耳炎,疗效令人满意,能够显著改善患者症状,可下调IFN-γ、IL-4表达,调节Th1/Th2平衡,值得临床推广应用。     

通耳窍汤结合鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎35例观察

目的:观察用通耳窍汤结合鼓膜置管治疗反复发作分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法:70例随机分为治疗组和对照组各35例,治疗组行鼓膜置管同时口服通耳窍汤,对照组行鼓膜置管同时口服消炎药,6个月后判定疗效。结果:治疗组显效30耳,有效9耳,无效3耳,总有效率92.9%。对照组45耳,显效18耳,有效16耳,无效11耳,总有效率75.6%。两组总有效率比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:通耳窍汤及鼓膜置管治疗分泌性中耳炎疗效优于单用西医治疗。