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I. WYBRASKA E. BACZYSKA U. CIAOWICZ A. POLUS & A. DEMBISKA-KIE 《European journal of clinical investigation》1996,26(11):1004-1010
The fact that an increased blood insulin level is observed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) confirms the hypothesis that insulin promotes the development of atherosclerosis. The low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration observed in such patients may contribute to alteration in reverse cholesterol transport and promote the accumulation of sterols in vascular tissue. We examined the effect of insulin (20−1000μUmL−1 ) on cholesterol efflux into HDL3 particles from human blood monocyte/macrophages and rat peritoneal macrophages preloaded with labelled cholesterol esters, and the influence of insulin on the accumulation of sterols by rat liver cells and HepG2 cell line in vitro models. Insulin at concentrations up to 250μUmL−1 inhibited the efflux of cholesterol from rat macrophages and promoted high uptake of sterols by both types of hepatic cells. Pharmacological concentrations higher than 250μU mL−1 exerted the opposite effect. In the case of human macrophages, an insulin concentration of 20μUmL−1 increased cholesterol removal, whereas 100−200μU mL−1 insulin inhibited cholesterol removal from cells, and very high concentrations (>350μUmL−1 ) again increased cholesterol removal. We have shown that insulin excess counteracts the beneficial effects of HDL in removing cellular cholesterol and, therefore, may promote development of atherogenesis. 相似文献
4.
Tang Jian汤健 Wang Yu王瑜 Zkang Chenhui张晨晖 E. Costa Institute of Cardiovascular Research Beijing Medical University 《北京大学学报(医学版)》1994,(Z1)
THECLONINGOFNa ̄+/Ca ̄(2+)EXCHANGERGENEANDITSEXPRESSIONINBRAINISCHEMIATangJian汤健,WangYu王瑜,ZkangChenhui张晨晖,E.CostaInstituteofCar... 相似文献
5.
G. J. Kemp C. H. Thompson A. L. Sanderson G. K. Radda 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》1994,31(2):103-109
We used 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the response of rat skeletal muscle to three kinds of proton load. During exercise (tetanic sciatic nerve stimulation), protons from lactic acid were buffered passively and consumed by net hydrolysis of phosphocreatine (PCr). During recovery from exercise, the pH-dependent efflux of protons produced by PCr resynthesis could be partially inhibited by amiloride or 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulphonate (DIDS), implicating both sodiudproton and bicarbonatelchloride exchange, but was not inhibited by simultaneous respiratory acidosis. In early recovery, up to 30% of proton efflux was mediated by lactatelproton cotransport. During acute respiratory acidosis at rest, the eventual change in muscle pH was consistent with passive buffering and was unaffected by amiloride or DIDS, implying no significant contribution of proton fluxes. 相似文献
6.
Keigo Kohara Tomio Ono Keiko Tominaga-Yoshino Tomokazu Shimonaga Seiichi Kawashima Akihiko Ogura 《Brain research》1998,809(2):285
Neurons survive when their activity is maintained. An influential hypothesis on the cellular mechanism underlying this phenomenon is that there is an appropriate range of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) for survival. The rat cerebellar granule neuron in culture serves as the most often used model system for the analysis of activity-dependent survival, since it does not survive unless an excitant (KCl or glutamate) is added to the culture medium. Against the above-mentioned hypothesis, we found in our previous examination no difference between steady-state [Ca2+]i in granule neurons cultured under high KCl (i.e., survival) and low KCl (i.e., death) conditions. In this report, we present the quantitative background of unchanged [Ca2+]i between the two culture conditions. Influx of Ca2+ due predominantly to L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels was higher in high KCl cultures than in low KCl cultures. At the same time, efflux of Ca2+ due to the activity of Ca2+/Na+ antiport was also higher in high KCl cultures. Additionally, we found that the endocytotic activity was greater in high KCl cultures than in low KCl cultures, as monitored by the rate of uptake of horseradish peroxidase added to medium. Since the uptake was blocked by an internal Ca2+ chelator, the increased endocytotic activity in high KCl cultures might be a consequence of the enhanced Ca2+ turnover. 相似文献
7.
M. Grohmann 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1988,337(4):406-407
Summary After loading of the extraneuronal tissues of the perfused rat heart with 3H-isoprenaline the elevation of extracellular K+ concentration (from 2.7 to 15 mmol/1) in the perfusion solution about doubled the rate constant for efflux of the 3H-amine. As this increase was not seen in the presence of 100 mol/13-O-methyl-isoprenaline (OMI, a potent inhibitor of the uptake2-carrier), it is concluded that the change in the concentration of K+ modulates OMI-sensitive outward transport of 3H-isoprenaline by uptake2, not the diffusional efflux of the amine.Abbreviations MAO
monoamine oxidase
- COMT
catechol-O-methyltransferase
- OMI
3-O-methyl-isoprenaline
- U-0521A
3,4-dihydroxy-2-methyl propiophenone 相似文献
8.
Adolf Dörge Franz X. Beck Roger Rick Wolfram Nagel Klaus Thurau 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1990,416(3):335-338
The role of mitochondria-rich cells (MR cells) in transepithelial Na transport was investigated by determining electrolyte concentrations and Rb uptake in individual cells of frog skin epithelium using electron microprobe analysis. Measurements were performed under control conditions and after blocking the transepithelial Na transport with amiloride. Under control conditions, Na and Cl concentrations of MR cells scattered much more than those of principal cells and ranged from a few up to more than 30 mmol/kg wet weight. Rb uptake from the basal side into individual MR cells also showed a large variation and was, on the average, much less pronounced than into the principal cells. In principal cells, amiloride reduced the Na concentration and Rb accumulation. In contrast, no effect was observed upon electrolyte concentration and Rb uptake of MR cells. Rb uptake was correlated to the Na concentration of MR cells both under control conditions and after amiloride. It is concluded that, in contrast to the principal cells, MR cells are not involved in amiloride-sensitive transepithelial Na transport and that their Na/K-pump activity is very low. 相似文献
9.
D. Freymond R. Guignet P. Lhote A.‐C. Passaquin U. T. Rüegg 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》2002,176(4):283-292
The modulation of glucose uptake by cytosolic calcium and the role of insulin on calcium homeostasis in insulin‐target cells are incompletely understood and results are contradictory. To address this issue, we used the C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cell line model and examined the influence of caffeine and 4‐chloro‐m‐cresol, two ryanodine receptor agonists known to mobilize intracellular calcium stores and increase cytosolic free calcium concentration. We followed 45calcium efflux, a validated indicator of cytosolic calcium concentration, and 3‐O‐methyl‐[1–3H]‐d ‐glucose uptake in parallel. We also determined if insulin incubation affected 45calcium influx rate. A 30‐min treatment by 1 μm insulin highly significantly increased 45calcium efflux by 8.5% (P = 0.0014), despite a significant reduction of 45Ca2+ influx already measurable after 20 and 30 min of insulin stimulation (?16.6%, P = 0.0119 and ?21.3%, P = 0.0047, respectively). Caffeine (1–20 mm ) and 4‐chloro‐m‐cresol (0.05–10 mm ) concentration‐dependently increased 45calcium efflux, the latter being more potent and efficacious. These agents, in a concentration‐dependent manner, inhibited both basal and, more potently, insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake. This resulted in a negative correlation of glucose uptake and 45calcium efflux (r > 0.95, P < 0.001). This effect was ~5 times greater for caffeine than for 4‐chloro‐m‐cresol, suggesting a calcium‐independent part of the glucose uptake inhibition by caffeine. In our in vitro model of cultured muscle cells, insulin appears to prevent calcium overload by both stimulating efflux and inhibiting cell storage. This effect, taken together with the observed inhibitory, inverse relationship between 45calcium efflux and glucose uptake, contributes to describing the complex insulin–calcium interplay involved in target cells. 相似文献