全文获取类型
收费全文 | 17820篇 |
免费 | 1462篇 |
国内免费 | 304篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 19篇 |
儿科学 | 375篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 2561篇 |
口腔科学 | 218篇 |
临床医学 | 1709篇 |
内科学 | 5202篇 |
皮肤病学 | 312篇 |
神经病学 | 143篇 |
特种医学 | 389篇 |
外科学 | 1870篇 |
综合类 | 2262篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 510篇 |
眼科学 | 105篇 |
药学 | 1916篇 |
8篇 | |
中国医学 | 1898篇 |
肿瘤学 | 69篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 53篇 |
2023年 | 430篇 |
2022年 | 650篇 |
2021年 | 752篇 |
2020年 | 756篇 |
2019年 | 757篇 |
2018年 | 715篇 |
2017年 | 765篇 |
2016年 | 683篇 |
2015年 | 557篇 |
2014年 | 1144篇 |
2013年 | 2109篇 |
2012年 | 864篇 |
2011年 | 948篇 |
2010年 | 691篇 |
2009年 | 799篇 |
2008年 | 745篇 |
2007年 | 809篇 |
2006年 | 668篇 |
2005年 | 549篇 |
2004年 | 485篇 |
2003年 | 332篇 |
2002年 | 350篇 |
2001年 | 283篇 |
2000年 | 262篇 |
1999年 | 250篇 |
1998年 | 251篇 |
1997年 | 197篇 |
1996年 | 201篇 |
1995年 | 184篇 |
1994年 | 172篇 |
1993年 | 156篇 |
1992年 | 132篇 |
1991年 | 93篇 |
1990年 | 99篇 |
1989年 | 79篇 |
1988年 | 76篇 |
1987年 | 78篇 |
1986年 | 73篇 |
1985年 | 71篇 |
1984年 | 78篇 |
1983年 | 35篇 |
1982年 | 65篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 23篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Despite the use of gold complexes in modern medicine for over 100 years and the use of gold complexes in the management of
rheumatoid disease for more than 60 years, the definitive mechanisms of action for efficacy and for toxicity have not been
established.
Gold is a group 1b metal in the periodic table with several oxidation states but it is only Au(I) which is active in the biological
milieu. Gold sodium thiomalate is not only a polymeric structure, but also has the chiral ligand, thiomalic acid. Gold sodium
thiomalate thus can exist in several different physical states which may have different biological activity. In addition the
pharmacokinetic profile of gold complexes has been of little value in the understanding of either the mechanism of action,
efficacy or toxicity for both the injectable and the oral gold complexes. Many authors have misinterpreted research data on
the activities of gold complexes because they compared gold complexes of different structures, and gold complexes which exist
at different pH.
Experimental work in our laboratory has identified that gold sodium thiomalate is a mixture and can exist as either a yellow
or a colourless solution. These have some similar but several different biological activities.
Many factors contribute to the lack of understanding of the action of gold complexes. Some of these factors are related to
the wide variation in physical structure and biological activities exhibited by these compounds. 相似文献
2.
U. Meyding-Lamadé K. Rieke D. Krieger W. Hacke Michael Forsting Klaus Sartor Christian Sommer 《Journal of neurology》1995,242(5):335-343
Acute ischaemia of the vertebrobasilar circulation leads to a variety of clinical manifestation and is mostly due to cardiogenic or artery-to-artery embolism. We describe four neurological emergency situations involving vertebrobasilar artery aclusion of other origins: basilar migraine, extrinsic compression by rheumatoid inflammatory tissue, generalized vasculitis in subacute rheumatic fever and basilar artery dissection. The differential diagnosis of acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion may have an important impact on patient management. 相似文献
3.
MC Brouard P Chavaz L Borradori 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2004,18(1):89-92
BACKGROUND: Bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome denotes the occurrence of diarrhoea with arthritis and skin lesions related to bowel disease with or without bowel bypass. In this condition, the histological finding of cutaneous aseptic neutrophilic cell infiltrate is non-specific and common to a wide spectrum of neutrophilic dermatoses, including pyoderma gangrenosum. OBSERVATION: We describe a 78-year-old woman with fever, abdominal discomfort and arthralgias, who developed grouped pustular lesions on her shins with histologically spongiform pustule formation. Aetiological assessment disclosed diverticular disease with sigmoid stenosis. CONCLUSION: Although clinical and histological features in our case fit the diagnosis of bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, they may also correspond to a pustular variant of pyoderma gangrenosum. Our observation raises the question of the nosological classification of bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome within the spectrum of neutrophilic diseases. 相似文献
4.
Samuel B Adams Paul R Herz Debra L Stamper Mark J Roberts Stephane Bourquin Nirlep A Patel Karl Schneider Scott D Martin Sonya Shortkroff James G Fujimoto Mark E Brezinski 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2006,24(4):708-715
The objective of this study was to develop and verify a new technique for monitoring the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by combining a rat model with the imaging modality optical coherence tomography (OCT). Time-sequential, in vivo, OCT imaging was performed on the left femoral condyles of 12 Wistar rats following sodium-iodoacetic acid-induced OA progression. The right femoral condyles (untreated) were also imaged and served as controls. Imaging was performed on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 with an OCT system capable of acquiring images at four frames per second and an axial resolution of 5 microm. Progressive changes were analyzed using an OA scoring system. OCT successfully identified progressive cartilage degeneration as well as alteration of the cartilage/bone interface. Significant changes to both of these structures were observed in the sodium-iodoacetic acid-injected condyles. Structural changes detected with OCT were confirmed histologically. OCT in combination with a well-known model used in arthritis research represents a powerful tool for following degenerative joint disease progression in a given animal by detecting changes to the cartilage/bone interface and articular cartilage. 相似文献
5.
Several different lines of evidence have demonstrated that inherited susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with the DRB1 genes encoding the HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR1 molecules. A contrasting hypothesis has recently been proposed, suggesting that, in general, the DRB1 locus is associated with protection to RA and that the RA-associated DRB1 alleles are not responsible for the primary disease association but merely permissive for the susceptibility conferred by the HLA-DQ alleles with which they are in linkage disequilibrium. We have performed a critical review of the literature on the HLA association in RA with special emphasis on studies in which both an HLA-DR and -DQ association has been investigated. Our analyses provide strong evidence against the hypothesis that HLA-DQ molecules play a major role in the general susceptibility to RA. Thus, the strongest association in rheumatoid arthritis is with DRB1 genes rather than DQB1 genes. 相似文献
6.
D. E. Aguilar León V. Novelo Retana† E. Martínez-Cordero‡ 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2003,33(2):226-232
BACKGROUND: Although several immunological abnormalities may be present in pigeon hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), few specific hallmarks have been described. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) could be useful to discriminate pigeon HP from asymptomatic breeders (AB) and other interstitial lung diseases. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with pigeon HP, 47 AB, 31 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group were studied. IgM RF was determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot using human IgG and IgG Fc fragment as antigens. IgG and IgA anti-avian antibodies (AA) against pigeon serum antigen were also measured. The use of F(ab')2 fraction of peroxidase-labelled anti-human immunoglobulins prevented endogenous interferences. Possible cross-binding of RF with avian antigens and the reactivity against human IgG by AA were studied. RESULTS: RF tests were frequently positive in HP (52.8%) in comparison to AB (4.2%) and IPF (12.9%; P = 2.6 x 10-10 and 4.1 x 10-5). Therefore, the presence of RF in pigeon HP showed a sensitivity of 52% and was highly specific considering the results of AB and IPF (95 and 87%, respectively). The RA group revealed positive RF but negative AA tests. RF activity was confirmed through western blot using purified IgG Fc fragment. Overlapping levels of IgG and IgA AA were found in HP and AB. The frequency of AA was low in IPF. The cross-reaction of RF with avian antigens was excluded, and no reactivity against human IgG by AA was detected. Other endogenous interferences were ruled out. CONCLUSION: No single immunological test may definitively distinguish pigeon HP from AB and other interstitial lung disorders; however, positive RF, together with high AA levels, seems to be useful in differentiating the diagnosis. 相似文献
7.
8.
带血管蒂岛状筋膜瓣移植治疗晚期类风湿性髋关节炎 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:阐明带血管蒂岛状筋膜瓣移植治疗晚期类风湿性髋关节炎的疗效。材料和方法:对42例48髋晚期类风湿性髋关节炎病人采用以旋股外侧血管降支为蒂的股前外侧筋膜瓣移植行患髋成形术。结果:术后随访4~10.5年,平均4.5年,髋关节活动范围术前平均16.5°,术后228.6°,按照Charnley和吴之康人工髋关节置换术后的疗效评定标准,优良29髋、很好13髋、好6髋,尚可、差、很差无。结论:患者年龄在15~40岁之间为合适的治疗年龄。与人工髋关节置换术相比,本方法对髋关节正常结构破坏小;一旦手术失败仍可选用其它治疗方法弥补;且并发症少、费用低、远期效果好。 相似文献
9.
SOLVEIG WÅLLBERG-JONSSON GÖSTA DAHLÉN OWE JOHNSON GUNILLA OLIVECRONA & SOLBRITT RANTAPÄÄ-DAHLQVIST 《Journal of internal medicine》1996,240(6):373-380
Objective. To evaluate the impact of chronic inflammation on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) levels and triglyceride metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Design. Plasma levels of LPL activity and mass before and after heparin were determined in post-menopausal women with active RA and in controls. The results were related to lipid levels and inflammatory variables. The LPL activity and mass together with triglyceride levels were also measured before and 6 h after an oral fat load. Setting. The study was performed on in- and out-patients at a University Rheumatology clinic. The controls came from the same reference area. Subjects. Altogether 17 consecutive post-menopausal female patients with RA and 16 age and sex matched controls were enrolled for the initial determination of LPL. Fifteen of the patients and 15 of the controls agreed to take part in the fat load. Of these, one patient and one control were excluded. Main outcome measures. LPL determination: basal levels and post-heparin levels of LPL activity and mass. Correlations between LPL and blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides), lipoprotein levels (high density lipoprotein, HDL; low density lipoprotein, LDL), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, fibrinogen mass) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor α, TNF-α; interleukin 1β, IL-1β; and interleukin-6, IL-6). Fat tolerance test: LPL activity, mass and triglyceride levels before and 6 h after a per oral fat load. Results. Pre-heparin LPL mass (P<0.01) and activity (P<0.01) were significantly lower in the rheumatoid patients. Pre-heparin LPL mass showed no correlation to the lipid levels, but an inverse correlation to several inflammatory parameters; it was significant for orosomucoid (rs=?0.63, P<0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (rs=?0.54, P<0.05) and close to significant for haptoglobin (rs=?0.48, P=0.087) and IL-6 (rs=?0.52, P=0.061). Six hours after a lipid load the LPL activity and mass were significantly lower in RA (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) but the triglyceride level was not significantly different compared to controls. Conclusion. An inverse relationship exists between inflammatory status and pre-heparin LPL mass. Pre-heparin LPL mass reflects mainly the inactive monomeric fraction of LPL. This has been shown to hinder the uptake of remnant lipoprotein particles through competition with lipoprotein bound dimeric LPL for the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP receptor) on hepatocytes and macrophages in culture. A decrease of the level of monomeric LPL in plasma may thus be beneficial for remnant catabolism. The same mechanism may on the other hand increase macrophage uptake of lipids. This may not affect global lipid metabolism but may be important in driving the atherosclerotic process in the vessel wall. 相似文献
10.
Alexandros Kolokotronis Evanda Avramidou Thomas Zaraboukas Kalliopi Mandraveli Stella Alexiou Demetrios Antoniades 《Journal of oral pathology & medicine》2006,35(2):123-125
BACKGROUND: The use of immunosuppressive medication is a dominant risk factor for infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) is one of the traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Adalimumab [a human anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF-alpha) monoclonal antibody] represent an important advance in the treatment of RA and has been recently come in use. TNF-alpha plays a role in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and notably in granuloma formation. Infections occur at a high rate among those who use one or the combination of the two medications. METHOD: We examined a female patient that was referred to our department for evaluation and treatment of a granular lesion on the soft palate and uvula, complaining of mild dysphagia. The patient was treated for 4 months with MTX and adalimumab for RA before the oral lesion appeared. RESULTS: The histopathological examination of a specimen of the oral lesion, taken by biopsy, showed a chronic inflammation characterized by tuberculous granulomas. Polymerase chain reaction test and culture of a new specimen was positive for M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic use of MTX or/and adalimumab for the treatment of RA or few others diseases, can cause oral tuberculosis. 相似文献