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Samuel J. Leistedt 《Annales médico-psychologiques》2017,175(3):283-286
Behavioral and social sciences are useful in collecting and analyzing intelligence data, understanding terrorism, and developing strategies to combat terrorism. This work aims to examine the psychopathological concepts of terrorism and discusses the developing roles for behavioral scientists. A systematic review was conducted of studies investigating behavioral aspects of terrorism. These studies were identified by a systematic search of databases, textbooks, and a supplementary manual search of references. This work is also based on the experience of the author in interviewing terrorist suspects. Several fundamental concepts were identified that continue to influence the motives and the majority of the behaviours of those who support or engage in this kind of specific violence. Regardless of the psychological aspects and new roles for psychiatrists, the behavioral sciences will continue to be called upon to assist in developing better methods to gather and analyze intelligence, to understand terrorism, and perhaps to stem the radicalization process. 相似文献
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J. Vandevoorde N. Estano G. Painset 《Neuropsychiatrie de l'enfance et de l'adolescence》2018,66(5):267-276
Objectifs
This paper aims to examine what the psychological motivations for converting to an orthodox religion and/or violent ideology could be. We do not assimilate every religious conversion as a criterion of dangerosity, but we will focus on the religious “varnish” applied on some discourse as a means to a violent ideology and use of violence.Methods
The authors developed their hypothesis about the psychological functions underlying a rigorist religious conversion and/or adhesion to violent views. They elaborated that hypothesis using different sources from a literature review dealing with the topic of radicalization and from case studies of individuals who underwent a psychological assessment.Results
Seven psychological functions of the orthodox religious conversion were isolated: one of identity, one of framework, one as a counterdepressive, a protective one, an anti-enigma, one of social bonds, and finally one of sensational experiences. The presence of suicidal and melancholic aspects is confirmed by analysis of case studies although their clinical display differs from the classic presentation usually met.Conclusions
A thorough analysis of the religious conversion history is important in order to contextualize ideological modifications which took place in the individual psyche. Those conversions have specific functions for every individual and deserve to be analyzed and evaluated during a risk threat assessment and/or for the therapeutic orientation. 相似文献3.
ObjectivesTo demonstrate the process of radicalisation within the prison environment, via the notion of radicalogenesis, by analogy with the concept of criminogenesis While the latter focuses on the pre-criminal situation and studies what prompts a subject to engage in criminal activity, for the genesis of radicalisation we concentrate on the post-criminal situation of individuals, in order to untangle the stages that can bring a prisoner to become radicalised.MethodAn analysis of the literature on the process of radicalisation, and on the genesis of criminality; this is backed up by the methodology of clinical follow-up in the context of the psychological/psychotherapeutic work undertaken with detainees over a period of six years in French prisons.ResultsThe results from the follow-up of detainees caught up in a process of radicalisation, and from the review of the literature show that the prison environment can facilitate radicalisation through a process whereby the identity of an individual becomes more vulnerable following a criminal act that leads to incarceration – an act that is sometimes traumatic for the perpetrator.DiscussionHaving summarised, in table form, the different theories of radicalisation, and discussed their points of similarity/difference, we describe four phases in the genesis of radicalisation: vulnerable identity, dis-identification, conversion and re-identification, radicalisation. We want to emphasise that this process is strictly individual and depends on the subjective structure of the person becoming radicalised.ConclusionsWe reiterate the importance of psychological/psychotherapeutic support in prisons, particularly for the more vulnerable individuals, and those made more vulnerable still by their acting-out. Without this support, the individual risks becoming radicalised in order to find a new pole of identification, as a means of survival. 相似文献
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With the multiplication of Islamist terrorist attacks and attempted attacks on French and international soil, the issue of the psychological radicalization of the perpetrators who acted out, and of those might wish to imitate them, has come to the fore, notably regarding prevention. Better comprehension of the mental dynamic of these known or potential aggressors contributes to reducing the terrorist threat, as well as the consequences of terrorism. In this interview, the psychologist Éric Bauza delivers his analysis of this radicalization that he considers to be deceptive. This radicalization using deceptive means works through an imposed manner of perceiving, hearing, feeling, thinking, communicating and finally acting that fills an unrepresented void. It then becomes destructive- both deadly and suicidal- with the deceased becoming an ideological all-powerful figure. 相似文献
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Michel Bénézech 《Annales médico-psychologiques》2019,177(6):499-505
This original research compares the doctrinal, psychopathological and operational standpoints of the 15th century Spanish Inquisition (Torquemada) with those of radical Islamism from 1988 to 2005 (Al-Qaeda). The following are reviewed: (a) the main texts codifying the procedure for conducting the criminal investigation of a Holy Office trial (Directorium inquisitorum); (b) the life and work of the grand inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada (1420–1498); (c) the psychopathological relations between passion (passionate psychoses, passionate idealism, paranoid personality) and fanaticism; (d) “the madmen, the enlightened and the criminals” of Islamic terrorism; (e) the cognitive and emotional motives for engagement in the jihadist radicalization of young people; (f) the common principles of monotheistic fanaticism (Inquisition, Al-Qaeda) and the particular dogmas of Islamic terrorism in our time; (g) the operating modes of the Inquisition and the Jihadist holy war. The author concludes that the rigour and seriousness of the inquisitorial judicial procedure, which was precise, individual and personalized, contrasts with the revolutionary pamphlets of Al-Qaeda, which only provide broad guidelines for the modus operandi of the fight against infidels, who are usually random victims. 相似文献
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Background
For over two years, in Strasbourg (France) the teams of the University Department for Children and Adolescent Psychiatry and from the “Maison des adolescents” have been facing the issue of radicalization in their daily work. The aim of this paper is to specify the psychological vulnerabilities and the psychopathological mechanisms underlying indoctrination processes in today's teenagers.Methods
We used clinical observations of about twenty-five long-term follow-ups of adolescents who were already radicalized or supposedly at risk of radicalization. All underwent individual or familial therapy with child and adolescent psychiatrists between December 2014 and November 2016 in Strasbourg, either at the University Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry or at the “Maison des adolescents”, which is a primary care center for any adolescent issues.Results
Our analyses support the hypothesis that radical engagement often soothes at first a preexisting psychological distress. The radicalization is more than a sociopolitical issue and more than the encounter of the adolescence process with a radical offer. Hence, in our group of adolescents, we have observed psychotic disorders, conversive and posttraumatic stress disorders and mainly depressive and narcissistic vulnerabilities. Our work reveals a variety of risk factors that are related to either family dynamics (fragility of inner family relationships, dysfunction of parental figures, parental depression or personality disorder…), or to individual fragilities (traumatic events during childhood, undiagnosed ADHD, depression, conduct disorder, etc.). Struggling against melancholic threats, the initial relief caused by the radicalization frequently contains paranoid mechanisms, which may lead to a violent acting out for some of these adolescents.Conclusion
The majority of radicalization processes in adolescence, understood as a new symptom in teenagers, justify a psychiatric evaluation including a broad assessment of childhood psychological vulnerabilities, in order to design a targeted personalized care program. More studies are required in order to further characterize the personal and parental vulnerabilities and underlying psychopathological mechanisms of radicalization processes in adolescence and to evaluate the efficiency of targeted care programs. 相似文献7.
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