基于真实头模型的EEG参考电极标准化技术

目的 :研究基于真实头模型的参考电极标准化技术并验证它的有效性。方法 :基于真实头模型的等效源技术 ,建立了由以头表某点或平均电位为参考点的实际记录近似得到以无穷远点为参考的记录的方法。由于无穷远点的电位可假设为常数零 ,因此可称该方法为真实头模型的参考电极标准化技术 (REST)。对真实头模型全空间内任意位置的源的实际头表记录进行REST处理 ,然后计算经REST处理后的近似记录与以无穷远点为参考的记录之间的相对误差 ,以此检验该技术的有效性。结果 :对于真实头模型REST是有效的 ,尤其对重要的表层皮质区域更为有效 ,它的应用可以降低因非零的参考电位而引入头表记录的干扰。结论 :采用参考电极标准化技术能得到更真实的脑电 (EEG)记录 ,从而可能对脑电的应用产生重要的影响。     

The role of mRNA splicing in prostate cancer

Alternative splicing （AS） is a crucial step in gene expression. It is subject to intricate regulation, and its deregulation in cancer can lead to a wide array of neoplastic phenotypes. A large body of evidence implicates splice isoforms in most if not all hallmarks of cancer, including growth, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and metabolism. AS has important clinical implications since it can be manipulated therapeutically to treat cancer and represents a mechanism of resistance to therapy. In prostate cancer （PCa） AS also plays a prominent role and this review will summarize the current knowledge of alternatively spliced genes with important functional consequences. We will highlight accumulating evidence on AS of the components of the two critical pathways in PCa： androgen receptor （AR） and phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）. These observations together with data on dysregulation of splice factors in PCa suggest that AR and PI3K pathways may be interconnected with previously unappreciated splicing regulatory networks. In addition, we will discuss several lines of evidence implicating splicing regulation in the development of the castration resistance.     

Effects of whole-body vibration exercise on prevention of the negative effects of prolonged bed rest

Abstract

Background: Whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) has become progressively more accepted as a training method for populations of all ages and conditions to promote muscle strength, bone health, functional mobility and balance. In order to determine whether or not WBVE has positive effects and should be included in physical therapy treatment, the effects of WBVE on bed rest (BR) are examined.

Objectives: The effects of WBVE on prevention of the negative effects of prolonged BR are systematically reviewed.

Methods: A systematic review of literature from several databases including CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials related to WBVE and BR. The quality of the studies was graded according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The selection and assessment of specific reported outcomes helped determine an effect.

Results: Methodological scores ranged from 7 to 8 out of 10. A total of 13 out of the 16 included studies showed positive effects for WBVE on bone health, postural control, cartilage thickness, muscle size, strength, function, fatigability and blood flow.

Conclusion: With strong evidence, WBVE appears to be a safe and promising training intervention for maintaining bone density, muscle strength and size in the lower half of the body, at least in young healthy males and females limited to BR. Although current research is limited by heterogeneity of study parameters, further investigation is warranted for WBVE in preventing the negative affects associated with prolonged BR.