全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4063篇 |
免费 | 113篇 |
国内免费 | 162篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 2篇 |
儿科学 | 2篇 |
妇产科学 | 1篇 |
基础医学 | 411篇 |
口腔科学 | 4篇 |
临床医学 | 241篇 |
内科学 | 112篇 |
皮肤病学 | 1篇 |
神经病学 | 2565篇 |
特种医学 | 62篇 |
外科学 | 57篇 |
综合类 | 388篇 |
预防医学 | 63篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 297篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 116篇 |
肿瘤学 | 4篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 59篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 46篇 |
2016年 | 102篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 22篇 |
2013年 | 52篇 |
2012年 | 89篇 |
2011年 | 252篇 |
2010年 | 153篇 |
2009年 | 254篇 |
2008年 | 297篇 |
2007年 | 251篇 |
2006年 | 286篇 |
2005年 | 248篇 |
2004年 | 206篇 |
2003年 | 172篇 |
2002年 | 211篇 |
2001年 | 188篇 |
2000年 | 177篇 |
1999年 | 115篇 |
1998年 | 110篇 |
1997年 | 83篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 96篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 61篇 |
1991年 | 69篇 |
1990年 | 50篇 |
1989年 | 55篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有4338条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The aim of this pilot study was to examine the role of the striatum and cerebellum in the adaptation to a novel movement within a sequence of practiced movements using a motor learning paradigm. The performance of patients in the early or advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and of patients with damage to the cerebellum (CE) was compared, respectively to a group of aged and young matched controls on an adapted version of the Mirror-Tracing Test. In this task, subjects were required to trace a series of complex figures in two conditions: (1) a Practiced condition, in which the figures were composed of the juxtaposition of three simple designs that were extensively practiced before; and (2) a Mixed condition in which triads were created by replacing the last simple figure of the triads in the Practiced condition by a new simple figure that had never been traced individually before. Results showed that all clinical groups were slower than controls at tracing the Practiced triads. Most interestingly, however, only patients in the advanced stages of PD showed increased completion time to trace the triads in the Mixed condition. This suggests that a bilateral striatal dysfunction affects the ability to adapt to a novel motion within a sequence of practiced movements. Although exploratory, these results support a functional dissociation between the striatum and cerebellum in acquiring visuomotor skilled behaviors. 相似文献
2.
M. D. Taylor M. L. de Ceballos S. Rose P. N. Chong P. Jenner C. D. Marsden 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1991,3(2):99-108
Summary Aged common marmosets were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; 0.5–2.0 mg/kg/week i.p.) for 16 or 24 weeks, observed for a total of 30 weeks and then killed for measurement of biochemical pramaters in basal ganglia. The MPTP treatment induced a marked depletion in dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels in the caudate nucleus and putamen. In contrast, the concentrations of five neuropeptides: [Met5]-enkephalin, [Leu5]-enkephalin, cholecystokinin, substance P and neurotensin as measured by a combined HPLC/RIA method, remained unaltered in all basal ganglia regions examined. Enkephalin precursor levels, as reflected by cryptic [Met5]-enkephalin content, were increased in the putamen, but not in the caudate nucleus, as a consequence of MPTP administration. Cryptic [Leu5]-enkephalin content remained unchanged in the striatum of MPTP treated marmosets. Overall, these results suggest an increase in striatal [Met5]-enkephalin release following chronic MPTP treatment of aged marmosets. However, the chronic treatment of aged marmosets with MPTP does not reproduce the neuropeptide alterations characteristic of Parkinson's disease. 相似文献
3.
Immune reactivity towards insulin, its amyloid and protein S100B in blood sera of Parkinson's disease patients 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. R. Wilhelm K. Yanamandra M. A. Gruden V. Zamotin M. Malisauskas V. Casaite A. Darinskas L. Forsgren L. A. Morozova-Roche 《European journal of neurology》2007,14(3):327-334
Peripheral immune responses can be sensitive indicators of disease pathology. We evaluated the autoimmune reactions to endocrine (insulin) and astrocytical (S100B) biomarkers in the blood sera of 26 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with controls by using ELISA. We found a statistically significant increase of the autoimmune responses to both antigens in PD patients compared with controls with a mean increase of 70% and 50% in the autoimmune reactions towards insulin and S100B, respectively. Heterogeneity of the immune responses observed in patients may reflect the modulating effect of multiple variables associated with neurodegeneration and also changes in the basic mechanisms of individual autoimmune reactivity. We did not detect any pronounced immune reactions towards insulin amyloid fibrils and oligomers in PD patients, indicating that an amyloid-specific conformational epitope is not involved in immune recognition of this amyloid type, while sequential epitope of native insulin is hidden within the amyloid structures. Immune reactions towards S100B and insulin may reflect the neurodegenerative brain damaging processes and impaired insulin homeostasis occurring in PD. 相似文献
4.
Brain serotonin transporter binding in non-depressed patients with Parkinson's disease 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Guttman I. Boileau J. Warsh J. A. Saint-Cyr N. Ginovart T. McCluskey S. Houle A. Wilson E. Mundo P. Rusjan J. Meyer S. J. Kish 《European journal of neurology》2007,14(5):523-528
Early post-mortem data suggest that damage to brain serotonin neurones might play a role in some features (e.g., depression) of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it is not known whether such damage is a typical characteristic of living patients with PD or whether the changes are regionally widespread. To address this question we measured, by positron emission tomography imaging, levels of the brain serotonin transporter (SERT), a marker for serotonin neurones, as inferred from binding of [11 C]-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethyl-phenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile (DASB), a second generation SERT radioligand, in subcortical and cerebral cortical brain areas of clinically advanced non-depressed (confirmed by structured psychiatric interview) patients with PD. SERT binding levels in PD were lower than those in controls in all examined brain areas, with the changes statistically significant in orbitofrontal cortex (−22%), caudate (−30%), putamen (−26%), and midbrain (−29%). However, only a slight non-significant reduction (−7%) was observed in dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex, an area implicated in major depression. Our imaging data suggests that a modest, regionally widespread loss of brain serotonergic innervation might be a common feature of advanced PD. Further investigation will be required to establish whether SERT binding is more or less decreased in those patients with PD who also have major depressive disorder. 相似文献
5.
To evaluate the long-term effects of entacapone on both mean daily 'on' time and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing 'end-of-dose' motor fluctuations and the benefits of an early therapeutic intervention. A prospective, multicenter, observational, 12-month study was performed with an initial 3-month intervention phase, consisting of a phone call to half of the patients from randomly selected investigators to assess if dose adjustment was necessary. Effectiveness was determined by home diaries ('on' time), subscales II and III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8). After 3 months of treatment, 4.0% of the intervention group patients discontinued the study, versus 18.4% in the control group ( P < 0.01). The improvement in 'on' time was significantly increased since the 3-month visit (21%, P < 0.0001) until the end of the study (23% at 12 months, P < 0.0001). Entacapone also induced significant reductions in the UPDRS scores for subscales II and III and in the PDQ-8 score. 11.2% of patients experienced at least one adverse reaction. This study confirms the effectiveness of entacapone in reducing motor fluctuations by increasing 'on' time, and in improving QoL of PD patients. An early adjustment of entacapone and levodopa doses reduces the number of treatment discontinuations during the first months of treatment. 相似文献
6.
H. S. Markus A. M. Tomkins G. M. Stern 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1993,5(2):117-125
Summary An anthropometric study was performed in 95 subjects (53 male, 42 female) with Parkinson's disease. Weight, height, triceps and biceps skin-fold thicknesses, and mid-arm circumference were recorded. A high incidence of undernutrition was found (23.6% of males and 22.5% of females, as defined by recent British guidelines). A subgroup of severely disabled patients with Parkinson's disease had a significantly lower mean body mass index than a similarly disabled control group with chronic pyramidal upper motor neuron lesions (males 20.6v 23.2 kg/m2 p<0.05; females 20.6v 26.6 kg/m2 p<0.01), suggesting that the undernutrition is not due to chronic illness or immobility alone. Correlation between anthropometric indices and clinical features of disease demonstrated that the presence of moderate or severe dyskinetic movements was the clinical parameter most strongly related to undernutrition. The reduction in anthropometric indices was most marked for skin fold thickness (related to percentage body fat) and least for arm muscle circumference (related to lean body mass); therefore the weight loss seen in Parkinson's disease is primarily due to fat loss rather than muscle loss. 相似文献
7.
8.
Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function in Parkinson''s disease patients 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Cortical excitability of the primary motor cortex is altered in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, modulation of cortical excitability by high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the motor cortex might result in beneficial effects on motor functions in PD. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of rTMS of the motor cortex on motor functions in patients with PD. Thirty-six unmedicated PD patients were included consecutively in this study. The patients were assigned in a randomized pattern to one of two groups, one group receiving real-rTMS (suprathreshold 5-Hz, 2000 pulses once a day for 10 consecutive days) and the second group receiving sham-rTMS using closed envelopes. Total motor section of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), walking speed, and self-assessment scale were performed for each patient before rTMS and after the first, fifth, 10th sessions, and then after 1 month. Evaluation of these measures was performed blindly without knowing the type of rTMS. anova for repeated measurements revealed a significant time effect for the total motor UPDRS, walking speed and self-assessment scale during the course of the study in the group of patients receiving real-rTMS (P = 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.002), while no significant changes were observed in the group receiving sham-rTMS except in self-assessment scale (P = 0.019). A 10-day course of real-rTMS resulted in statistically significant long-term improvement of the motor functions in comparison with the sham-rTMS. The rTMS could have a therapeutic role of for PD patients. 相似文献
9.
P. Praamstra A. R. Cools D. F. Stegeman M. W. I. M. Horstink 《Journal of the neurological sciences》1996,140(1-2):67-74
Movement-related potentials were recorded preceding self-paced voluntary movements in patients with Parkinson's disease and in healthy subjects of the same age group. We compared the Readiness Potential preceding joystick movements in a fixed direction and preceding joystick movements in freely selected directions. In normal subjects the Readiness Potential amplitude was higher preceding freely selected movements than preceding movements in a fixed direction. The Readiness Potential in Parkinson patients failed to be modified by the different modes of movement selection. The modulation of the Readiness Potential by different ways of preparing for movement might be due to the supplementary motor area (SMA) being more strongly engaged by tasks requiring internal control of movements than by tasks that are externally structured. The results suggest that this task-dependent variation of SMA activity is reduced in Parkinson's disease. A failing capacity to adapt SMA activity to different task demands has previously been suggested by evidence from positron emission tomography studies using similar tasks. 相似文献
10.
G. Ransmayr W. Poewe S. Plörer F. Gerstenbrand K. Leidlmair U. Mayr 《Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)》1986,67(1-2):1-14
Summary Forty-four Parkinson patients (19 patients of the rigid-akinetic type, 13, of the rigid-akinetic-tremor type, and 12, of the tremor type) were included in a study in order to analyse correlations of the expression of the motor symptoms tremor, rigidity, akinesia, with other clinical parameters, computertomographic aspect of brain atrophy and psychometrically assessed cognitive parameters. Rigidity and akinesia are significantly positively correlated with the severity of motor dysability, stage of the disease, and brain atrophy, as is akinesia with a history of pharmacotoxic psychosis. Tremor is significantly negatively correlated with motor dysability, stage of the disease, and history of pharmacotoxic psychosis. Akinesia is correlated with visuomotor dysfunction (tested with Bender Gestalt Test) and rigidity with the depression score (Zung scale). The tremor type is favorable, the rigid-akinetic type unfavorable with respect to motor disability and psychosis. 相似文献