乙型肝炎患儿父母心理健康状况对照研究

采用“家长生活调查问卷”对广州市就读专收ＨＡＡ阳性幼儿园的父母、未有就读任何幼儿园ＨＡＡ阳性儿童的父母、以及就读普通幼儿园健康儿童父母进行了调查，结果发现ＨＡＡ阳性儿童的父母由于承受较大的心理压力而出现更多的心理问题、这种压力影响到父母的身心健康。资料为社会保健提供了依据。     

父母育儿因素与学龄前儿童功能性便秘的关系研究

目的 分析学龄前儿童功能性便秘与父母育儿因素的关系,以期为功能性便秘的预防与早期干预提供参考。方法 选取2020年9月至2021年3月在青岛大学附属医院儿童保健门诊就诊的功能性便秘儿童108例为研究对象,同时选取本院正常体检的324例健康儿童作为对照组,采用一般情况调查表、育儿压力量表、家庭教养方式问卷及儿童喂养问卷进行问卷调查。结果 母亲或父母均有便秘病史（OR=2.877,95%CI:1.390~5.953;OR =8.950,95%CI:2.297~34.866）、孩子兄弟姐妹便秘病史（OR=2.109,95%CI:1.483~3.000）、不良排便习惯（OR=3.780,95%CI:1.949~7.329）、排便不顺利时责备儿童（OR=4.719,95%CI:1.963~11.347）、育儿压力（OR=1.917,95%CI:1.314~2.795）、专制型家庭教养方式（OR=2.064,95%CI:1.257~3.391）、逼迫进食（OR =1.585,95%CI:1.112~2.260）是学龄前儿童功能性便秘的相关危险因素。父子互动>2h是儿童功能性便秘发生的独立保护因素（OR=0.240,95%CI:0.078~0.741）。结论 学龄前期儿童功能性便秘的发生与父母育儿因素有着密切联系,医务人员应增加对育儿层面的关注,增加对父母育儿压力的评估,指导家长形成正确的家庭教养方式,增加父子互动时间,并采取科学合理的喂养行为与排便训练行为,从而预防功能性便秘的发生,促进儿童身心健康发展。     

Rôle du périnato-sexologue dans une équipe interdisciplinaire périnatale au Canada

Interdisciplinary health care teams are models of health care that are the way of the future. In this model, the sexologist has a unique and important role, particularly in perinatal health care where sexuality is a central component of health. Perinatal sexuality is a newly emerging discipline in which the perinatal sexologist has a double role to play: 1) to train other perinatal health professionals in sexuality; and 2) to educate and to intervene with future and new parenting couples by answering their multiple intimate and sexual questions and concerns during the transition to parenthood.     

Nutritional Knowledge,Parenting Styles and Feeding Practices of a South African Sample of Parents

ABSTRACT

Parenting can be considered as being an all-encompassing network of development for children. Children learn about eating not only through their own experiences but also by watching others. Mothers and children show similar patterns of food acceptance and food preferences. Children’s intake of fruit and vegetables was positively related to parents’ intake of fruit and vegetables. The current study used self-reported data from parents/primary caregivers' children aged 3–18 covering sociodemographic characteristics, feeding style dimensions (‘control overeating’, ‘emotional feeding’, ‘encouragement to eat’ and ‘instrumental feeding’) and parenting style dimensions (‘involvement’ and ‘strictness’). The results suggest, that in general, parents were inclined to encourage balance and variety in the food intake of their children, modeling healthy eating behavior, as well as monitoring the food intake of children while restricting unhealthy foods. Further research is needed into whether parents’ diets affect children’s food choices feeding.     

A systematic review of community-based parenting interventions for adolescents with challenging behaviours

Parenting skills training is an established means of treating challenging behaviours among young children, but there has been limited research on its efficacy when used to treat challenging adolescent behaviour. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of community-based parenting interventions designed for families with adolescents, as judged in terms of increased knowledge and skills among parents, improvements in adolescent behaviour, and program feasibility within community settings. Results indicated that intervention group parents typically made greater gains than did control group parents on measures of good parenting, with positive flow-on effects to some aspects of challenging adolescent behaviours. Limited evidence suggests that group and individual intervention formats may be equally effective and that there is no advantage to the participation of the target adolescent in the intervention.     

Profiles of caregiving behaviors among children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV

Although parenting behaviors are widely considered an important factor in the adjustment of children and adolescents with chronic physical health needs, few studies have addressed this topic as it pertains to youth with perinatally-acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV). We examined profiles of child-centeredness, control through guilt, consistent discipline, and detachment, and whether these profiles differed in terms of parent- and youth-reported psychiatric disorder symptoms in a cohort of HIV infected youth (N?=?314). Latent profile analyses of caregiving behaviors were conducted separately for children (6–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years). Two profiles were identified among children: (a) moderate caregiving (87%, n?=?130) and (b) high detachment caregiving (13%, n?=?19), and three profiles were identified among adolescents: (a) moderate caregiving (55%, n?=?88), (b) high detachment caregiving (19%, n?=?30), and (c) high control through guilt caregiving (26%, n?=?42). The high detachment and high control through guilt caregiving profiles displayed higher levels of parent-and youth-reported symptoms than the moderate caregiving profile. These findings suggest that caregiver behaviors of PHIV youth vary as a function of children’s developmental period and differ in terms of youth psychological symptoms.     

What do mothers want to know about teens' activities? Levels,trajectories, and correlates

Middle class mothers (n = 169) of middle adolescents (M = 15.69 years old) in the U.S. rated how much they want to know and responded qualitatively about what they “always” and “never” want to know about adolescents' risky prudential (e.g., drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs), personal (e.g., teens' private conversations), and multifaceted (involving overlapping prudential and personal concerns) activities. Latent growth curve modeling over one year showed that mothers wanted to know most about prudential, less about multifaceted, and least about personal activities; wanting to know declined over time for each type of activity, but less for prudential than for other activities. With teen problem behavior controlled, psychologically controlling parenting, supportive and negative interactions with teens, knowledge of adolescents' activities, and teens' age were associated with individual differences in mothers' initial ratings and trajectories of wanting to know, although results varied by domain and were moderated by teen gender.     

Family accommodation mediates the impact of childhood anxiety on functional impairment

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders and are extensively associated with child functional impairment. Data suggest that family accommodation plays a role in the association between anxiety severity and functional impairment in children, but more empirical evidence is needed.MethodsParticipants were 425 clinically anxious children (ages 6–17 years), and their mothers. We first examined associations between child anxiety symptom severity, family accommodation, and child functional impairment. Next, we investigated the hypothesized mediation pathway linking anxiety severity to child impairment through increased family accommodation using structural equation modeling. We tested two models: one using parent ratings of their child’s anxiety and the other using the child’s self-ratings. Finally, we estimated the effect sizes of the mediation pathway in both models.ResultsFamily accommodation was significantly correlated with all the study variables. Child functional impairment was significantly correlated with parent-rated and self-rated child anxiety severity. Both structural equation models provided excellent fit for the data and supported the theoretical model by which family accommodation significantly explains part of the association between anxiety symptoms and functional impairment. The indirect effect sizes indicate that family accommodation accounts for between a fifth and a half of the impairment associated with symptom severity.ConclusionsThe data provide important empirical evidence that family accommodation mediates the association between child anxiety and functional impairment and accounts for up to 50 % of this association. These findings contribute to the growing understanding of the critical role of family accommodation and underscore the importance of assessing accommodation when evaluating and treating anxious children.     

The relationship between parenting stress,parental intelligence and child behavior problems in a study of Korean preschool mothers

The current study examined the relationship between Korean mothers’ parenting stress and parental intelligence, and child behavior problems as well as the mediation effects of parental intelligence, which tested the association between parenting stress and child behavior problems. A sample of 436 typically developing children and their mothers participated and were assessed by the Parenting Stress Index—Short Form, the Parental Intelligence Scale and the K‐Child Behavior Check List. Results indicated that parenting stress, parental intelligence and child behavior problems were related; especially, parenting stress significantly predicted child behavior problems. Despite its substantive relationship, parental intelligence did not appear to mediate this relationship.