CT、MRI对肾上腺病变的诊断分析

目的:分析探讨CT、MRI诊断对肾上腺病变的作用与价值。方法:MarconiMX8000 4层螺旋CT机,增强造影剂使用非离子型制剂,常规扫描及增强。应用西门子MAGNETOM1.5T磁共振机,增强造影剂使用Gd-DTPA制剂,常规T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制、化学位移同反相位及增强。对25例经手术及病理资料诊断证实的肾上腺病变进行CT、MRI诊断回顾性分析。结果:可清楚显示肾上腺病变的侧别、数目、大小、范围及可能的性质。结论:CT是肾上腺病变最佳影像检查方法,MRI具有重要辅助及补充诊断价值。     

Image technique optimization in MR imaging of a titanium alloy joint prosthesis

The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique.     

核因子-κB与创伤的关系及其在法医病理学中的应用

损伤时间推断是法医病理学的一个研究热点和难点。核因子-κB(NF-κB)是一种核转录调节蛋白,参与多种炎性介质的转录和调控。近年来研究发现NF-κB与机体创伤后的反应密切相关,其在损伤后的时序性表达可望在法医病理学用于损伤时间推断。     

National intercomparisons of I radioactivity measurements in nuclear medicine centres in India

National intercomparisons of activity measurements of ¹³¹I, a radioisotope widely used for diagnosis and therapy of thyroid related ailments, were initiated in 1979 as a quality assurance program, towards improving radiation safety procedures and related dosimetry in Nuclear Medicine Centres (NMCs) in India. Oral administration of a known quantity of radioiodine to patients requires accurate radioactivity measurements to be performed on a well-calibrated isotope calibrators. Under or over estimation of the activity due to a faulty or uncalibrated isotope calibrator could provide misleading results. Calibration of isotope calibrators and the traceablity of subsequent measurements to the national standards laboratory is one of the essential basic radiation safety requirement of the IAEA. In view of the stringent quality assurance requirements for activity measurements imposed by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, a National Intercomparison Program was initiated and to date ten such intercomparison programs have been conducted by the Radiation Safety Systems Division, of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. This program has benefited the participants by making their measurements traceable to the National Primary Standards. Over the years there has been a marked increase in the number of NMCs participating in the intercomparison programs. As a result, the number of institution showing large deviation from the correct value has decreased considerably over the years. This program thus, has enabled participating NMCs to check their isotope calibrators so as to ensure proper delivery of radiation dose to the patients and hence to optimise patient exposure.     

Ethyl-EPA in Huntington disease—Potentially relevant mechanism of action

The pathomechanisms involved in the neuronal dysfunction in Huntington disease (HD) are still unresolved and may be heterogeneous. One potential mechanism might be related to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in the CNS. This might lead firstly to neuronal dysfunction and finally to the activation of apoptotic pathways. Several compounds, which should alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, have been tested in preclinical models as well as in clinical trials of different scale. Recently we reported the efficacy of Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (Ethyl-EPA) in patients with HD. Ethyl-EPA is a polyunsaturated fatty acid from the n − 3 group, which is in clinical development for HD and melancholic depression. In our trial with Ethyl-EPA in HD responding patients could be characterized by either a lower CAG repeat number or a chorea-predominant clinical expression of the disease. Here we would like to describe some evidence on the potential mechanism of action of Ethyl-EPA in HD. We specifically focus on pathways, which are known to be influenced in HD and are modified by Ethyl-EPA and which points to an involvement of mitochondrial function as a common target. Some attention is given to the NF-kappa B pathway and the c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) pathway, which both may lead to an activation of the antiproliferative factor p53 and consequently mitochondrial dysfunction. Further the effects of EPA or Ethyl-EPA in preclinical models of HD are described. The evidence from these studies led to the design of phase III clinical trials, which are ongoing.     

腹部器官移植术后并发症的磁共振检查

目的探讨磁共振在腹部器官移植并发症中的诊断价值。方法对4例肝移植、5例胰肾联合移植及2例肾移植患者进行磁共振检查，检查时间在术后28d至2年，采用GE1．5TMR机型，成像技术包括常规平扫及增强扫描。结果4例肝移植，1例发生肝动脉狭窄伴肝坏死，1例发生下腔静脉血栓形成，1例为肝静脉与下腔静脉吻合口明显狭窄，1例为左右肝管明显狭窄；5例胰、肾联合移植中，1例并发急性排斥反应，1例为移植胰慢性排斥反应伴纤维化，1例为迟发性胰腺炎，移植肾4例正常，1例并发急性排斥反应伴肾梗死；2例单纯肾移植者，1例为肾动脉局限性中度狭窄，1例为肾动脉与髂内动脉吻合口处动脉瘤形成。上述病理改变均经组织病理检查和数字减影血管造影证实。结论磁共振可作为腹部器官移植并发症的一种无损伤检查手段，对于血管并发症，有其独有的优势。     

survivin与nmp22对诊断尿路上皮肿瘤价值的比较

目的 :评价尿脱落细胞中survivin的表达和尿nmp2 2的表达对诊断尿路上皮肿瘤的价值。 方法 :对4 8例尿路上皮肿瘤患者 ,在行膀胱镜检查或手术前留新鲜尿液分别行尿脱落细胞survivin、尿nmp2 2和尿脱落细胞检查 ,并分别比较各方法的敏感性、特异性。结果 :尿路上皮肿瘤患者尿脱落细胞涂片中survivin表达 4 8例中4 6例阳性 ,尿NMP2 2有 38例阳性 ,而尿脱落细胞学仅 15例阳性 ,survivin的敏感性高于nmp2 2及脱落细胞学 (P <0 .0 5及P <0 .0 1)。三者的特异性分别为 10 0 %、90 %和 10 0 % ,差异无统计学意义。结论 :检测尿脱落细胞中survivin的表达方法简单无创敏感性、特异性高对诊断尿路上皮肿瘤的价值优于尿nmp2 2。     

JC病毒样颗粒可直接转运进入细胞核

目的探讨JC病毒(JCV)病毒样颗粒(VLP)是否可以直接转运进入细胞核。方法心用JCV主要外壳蛋白VP1体外表达、重组VIP，在其表面标记异硫氰基荧光素(FTTC)，同时在其内部包裹荧光染料Cy3，感染培养的HeLa细胞和SVG细胞，荧光显微镜观察VLP入核转运。结果HeLa和SVG细胞感染包裹Cy3的FTTC-VLP时，FTTC与Cy3同时出现于细胞核内相同部位；而感染FTTC—VP1与Cy3混合物时，FTTC虽可在细胞核内检测到，但Cy3信号几乎消失。包裹Cy3的VIP用SDSPAGE展开，荧光显像后行考马斯亮蓝(CBB)染色，发现Cy3和VLP移行至不同部位，证明Cy3不能与VP1结合，提示VLP以完整的颗粒形式转运进入细胞核。应用包裹外源性DNA的VLP感染培养的HeLa和SVG细胞，发现包裹的DNA在细胞浆和细胞核内均可检测到，提示JCV入核过程与VIP相同。结论VLP可以不经裂解直接转运进入细胞核，JCV入核转运可能与VLP相同。     

吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的影响

目的　探讨核转录因子 (NF κB)抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯 (PDTC)对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的影响。方法　将 3 6只Wistar大鼠随机分组 :假手术组 (n =6) ,假手术 静脉注射组 (n =6) ,SAP组 (n =12 )和试验组 (n =12 )。各组于造模 6h后 ,测定血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量 ,取胰腺组织进行病理学评分 ,采用免疫组织化学法检测NF κB激活水平及胰腺细胞凋亡情况。结果　SAP组和试验组的胰腺细胞内NF κB呈激活状态 ,存在胰腺细胞凋亡 ,与前两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,试验组大鼠的胰腺组织病理学评分、血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量、NF κB激活及细胞凋亡水平与SAP组差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在SAP发病机制中 ,NF κB是多种炎症介质的始动因子 ,PDTC可以有效抑制胰腺细胞中NF κB的激活 ,促进胰腺细胞凋亡 ,减少胰酶释放 ,减轻胰腺组织的病理损害。