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排序方式: 共有473条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Dr W. Q. Ge Z. C. Luo J. Jin Y. C. Huang S. Wang S. J. Lui 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1998,36(1):22-26
A novel cardiokymograph system is introduced. The new system features a capacitance transducer with increased sensitivity
and can be used in multichannel measurements. The novelty of this technique is the injection of a current into the patient
coupled with the use of a capacitive displacement transducer and the possibility of multichannel monitoring. It provides for
the possibility of removing breath noise when some signal processing technique, such as adaptive filtering, is used. Further
investigation is needed to demonstrate clinical significance and pathologies. 相似文献
2.
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major target for treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. Microelectrode recording (MER) is used in many cases to identify the target nucleus. A real-time procedure for identifying the entry and exit points of the STN would improve the outcome of this targeting procedure. We used the normalized root mean square (NRMS) of a short (5 seconds) MER sampled signal and the estimated anatomical distance to target (EDT) as the basis for this procedure. Electrode tip location was defined intraoperatively by an expert neurophysiologist to be before, within, or after the STN. Data from 46 trajectories of 27 patients were used to calculate the Bayesian posterior probability of being in each of these locations, given RMS-EDT pair values. We tested our predictions on each trajectory using a bootstrapping technique, with the rest of the trajectories serving as a training set and found the error in predicting the STN entry to be (mean +/- SD) 0.18 +/- 0.84, and 0.50 +/- 0.59 mm for STN exit point, which yields a 0.30 +/- 0.28 mm deviation from the expert's target center. The simplicity and computational ease of RMS calculation, its spike sorting-independent nature and tolerance to electrode parameters of this Bayesian predictor, can lead directly to the development of a fully automated intraoperative physiological procedure for the refinement of imaging estimates of STN borders. 相似文献
3.
R. P. Iacono M. D. F.A.C.S. J. D. Carlson S. M. Kuniyoshi Y. J. Li A. S. Mohamed G. Maeda 《Acta neurochirurgica》1997,139(5):433-441
Summary The current interest in stereotactic posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) for treating Parkinson's disease and the variability of published results have raised questions regarding techniques for target localization. In our technique the probe is guided to the optimum target at the most ventral pallidum and ansa lenticularis by macroelectrode stimulation of the internal capsule and optic tract from within the globus pallidus, with the thresholds providing a relative measure of the electrode proximity to these structures. We have characterized these localizing macroelectrode stimulation parameters in 57 posteroventral pallidotomies with consistent anatomic lesion placement, excellent outcome, and no complications.Using a 1.8 × 2.0 mm radiofrequency electrode for macroelectrode stimulation (RFG-3C, Radionics Inc.), minimum voltages (thresholds) to activate motor (at a frequency of 2 Hz) or visual (at a frequency of 100 Hz) responses as well as impedance measurements were obtained at the final target (Tf) and at distances proximal to Tf along the electrode trajectory. The visual and motor threshold voltages at Tf via our standard approach angles (50 ° above base plane, 20 ° from the sagittal plane), had a range of 1.0 to 1.5 V, and 2.0 to 3.5 V respectively. We also found that as the probe approaches Tf there is a significant decrease in voltage thresholds for motor (P<.0001) and visual (P<.0001) responses in an individual patient indicating that the probe is converging on these structures. Increases in impedance between Tf, 2–3 mm, and 4–5 mm proximal to Tf were also statistically significant (P<.0001). Microelectrode recording of electrophysiological neuronal activity at various points along the trajectory towards the target showed distinct firing patters providing identification of the globus pallidus externus and internus, ansa lenticularis, and optic tract.Macroelectrode electrophysiological stimulation within the target volume, inducing threshold responses in the internal capsule and optic tract, provides for accurate localization of the most effective PVP target in the ansa lenticularis. In unresponsive patients, the utilization of microelectrode recording for the identification of the pallidal borders and the optic tract improves safety. 相似文献
4.
A. C. Metting van Rijn A. Peper C. A. Grimbergen 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》1991,29(4):433-440
A multichannel instrumentation amplifier, developed to be used in a miniature universal eight-channel amplifier module, is
described. After discussing the specific properties of a bioelectric recording, the difficulties of meeting the demanded specifications
with a design based on operational amplifiers are reviewed. Because it proved impossible to achieve the demanded combination
of low noise and low power consumption using commercially available operational amplifiers, an amplifier equipped with an
input stage with discrete transistors was developed. A new design concept was used to expand the design to a multichannel
version with an equivalent input noise voltage of 0·35 μV RMS in a bandwidth of 0·1–100 Hz and a power consumption of 0·6
mW per channel. The results of this study are applied to miniature, universal, eight-channel amplifier modules, manufactured
with thick-film production techniques. The modules can be coupled to satisfy the demand for a multiple of eight channels.
The low power consumption enables the modules to be used in all kinds of portable and telemetry measurement systems and simplifies
the power supply in stationary measurement systems. 相似文献
5.
6.
R. ROLLER W. GIRSCH L. HUBER M. RAB‡ H. G. STÖHR† H. SCHIMA U. M. LOSERT† E. WOLNER H. THOMA§ 《Artificial organs》1994,18(7):523-528
Abstract: This study was undertaken to survey the changes in force and fatigue of the latissimus dorsi muscle during transformation into a fatigue–resistant muscle by indirect or nervous multichannel stimulation. In sheep, a silicone chamber connected to a pressure–transducing system was implanted under the left latissimus dorsi muscle. Muscle conditioning was performed by multichannel (carousel) stimulation of the thoracodorsal nerve. The program was started with active periods of 10 min/h producing 10 tetanic contractions/min. It was increased until 70 contractions/min could be performed during 24 h. The changes of muscle force and fatigue were monitored by the silicone balloon system. After a mean period of 22 weeks, fatigue resistance was reached. The fatigueresistant muscle was able to produce a pressure of about 100 mm Hg in the balloon. After finishing the conditioning procedure, muscle forces and the fatigue resistance of the conditioned muscle were evaluated. The conditioned muscle showed only a minimal decrease of force during 20 min. Under a preload of 20 N, it exhibited a maximum tetanic tension of 95 N. 相似文献
7.
Jin Jiabu Wang Yunxiang Qin Chaoji Department of Physiology Fourth Military Medical College Xi''''an 《中国人民解放军军医大学学报》1987,(3)
The effects of vagal and sympathetic nerves on the transmembranepotentials of cardiac cells of toad were observed by means of microelectrodetechnique.The vagal nerve was stimulated there would be an increase in restingpotential and acceleration in repolarization of action potential(AP).However,ifatropine was used before stimulation the above-mentioned phenomena woulddisappear.When the sympathetic nerve was stimulated the AP amplitudeincreased,but resting potential(RP)remained the same.The increase of APresulted from the increases of overshoot.When the sympathetic nerve wasstimulated although the heart rate increased and the duration of AP wasshortened,the plateau phase of AP was prolonged.These results suggest that theeffects of vagal and sympathetic nerves on the transmembrane potential of cardiacventricular cells are coordinated and the normal characteritics of transmembranepotential are maintained by both the vagal and sympathetic nerves. 相似文献
8.
The construction of a needle-shaped multiwire microelectrode is described. It can be made with simple mechanical tools. The presented electrode assembly consists of 12 insulated nichrome wires (core diameter 25 μm) which are embedded in epoxylite resin. The straight-cut wire tips are aligned lengthwise and have a relative spacing of 150 μm. Outer dimensions vary from 100 × 180 μm at the level of the 1st electrode channel, to 100 × 100 μm at the level of the 12th channel at the tip. The configuration of this electrode was determined by its application: the laminar analysis of evoked potentials in the cortex of the rat. However, the number of channels, the diameter of the (nichrome) wire which determines the surface area of these channels, and the channel spacing can be easily adjusted during construction to meet other experimental requirements, such as the recording of single-unit activity. The electrode which is composed of biocompatible materials is suited for the study of field potentials and multiple-unit activity, in both acute and chronic experiments, and can be used repeatedly. To demonstrate the performance of the electrode assembly, a depth profile of field potentials is presented, accompanied by the corresponding current source density distribution. The potentials were recorded in the somatosensory cortex of the rat following stimulation of the median nerve under ketamine anesthesia. 相似文献
9.
D. Bienzle R. M. Jacobs J. H. Lumsden E. Grift L. Tarasov 《Comparative Haematology International》1994,4(3):162-166
Blood samples from 33 dogs, 28 cats, 24 horses and 25 cattle were analysed in duplicate on the Coulter Counter S-Plus IV and the Baker 9000 multichannel haematology analysers. The precisions of each instrument and the correlations between the instruments were evaluated. The precisions of both systems were good but, the Baker 9000 system showed more variability between duplicate determinations for all parameters. The Baker 9000 had better precision for white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, and MCV. Correlations between the two instruments were excellent except for MCHC. Neither analyser reliably provided feline platelet counts and the Baker 9000 also failed to report error messages for 8 of 10 apparently false platelet counts. The Coulter instrument consistently reported higher haemoglobin concentrations and higher feline and lower canine white blood cell counts than the Baker 9000. 相似文献
10.
Ostlund N Yu J Roeleveld K Karlsson JS 《Medical & biological engineering & computing》2004,42(6):825-831
Spatial filtering of surface electromyography (EMG) signal can be used to enhance single motor unit action potentials (MUAPs).
Traditional spatial filters for surface EMG do not take into consideration that some electrodes could have poor skin contact.
In contrast to the traditional a priori defined filters, this study introduces an adaptive spatial filtering method that adapts
to the signal characteristics. The adaptive filter, the maximum kurtosis filter (MKF), was obtained by using the linear combination
of surrounding channels that maximises kurtosis. The MKF and conventional filters were applied to simulated EMG signals and
to real EMG signals recorded with an electrode grid to evaluate their performance in detecting single motor units. The MKF
was compared with conventional spatial filtering methods. Simulated signals, with different levels of spatially correlated
noise, were used for comparison. The influence of one electrode with poor skin contact was also investigated. The MKF was
found to be considerably better at enhancing a single MUAP than conventional methods for all levels of spatial correlation
of the noise. For a spatial correlation of 0.97 of the noise, the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio, where a MUAP could
be detected, was at least 6 dB. With a simulated poor skin contact for one electrode, the improvement over the other methods
was at least 19 dB. 相似文献