实时超声引导下显微手术切除脑深部病灶

目的探讨术中超声引导在脑深部病灶显微手术中的应用价值。方法自2004年开始我们在脑深部病灶显微手术中采用实时超声引导病灶定位,指引手术中皮层入路及路径的选择,并使用术中超声影像动态了解病变位置的变化情况、手术切除的范围,利用实时影像辅助判断病变切除程度。结果28例脑深部病灶,病灶直径为1.0～5.9cm,病理诊断包括蛛网膜囊肿5例,海绵状血管瘤2例,动静脉畸形2例,肿瘤7例,脑内血肿12例。所有病例均显微镜下全切,术后28例患者均恢复良好,神经功能保存良好,无新的神经功能损害,无手术并发症。结论术中超声引导是一种简便有效的脑深部病灶定位方法,操作简便,定位准确,能够实时指引手术路径和动态了解手术切除病灶的范围,与显微神经外科配合能够有效地避免额外的手术损伤,提高手术精度。     

Cross-face nerve grafting in facial paralysis —A long-term follow-up

Summary The long term results of 21 cases of cross-face nerve grafting are presented and analyzed to evaluate the value of the procedure. The follow-up period extended beyond 3 years in all cases as the final assessment of the facial reanimation is only possible after a very long time interval. A satisfactory or good reanimation of the face occurred in 80% of the patients. In well defined cases the procedure may be considered a valuable tool in the rehabilitation of the paralyzed face.     

脊髓神经管原肠性囊肿的显微手术治疗及分析

目的探讨脊髓神经管原肠性囊肿的临床、组织病理及形态学特点,分析手术切除方式对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析自1998年1月至2010年12月8例脊髓神经管原肠性囊肿病例的临床资料。其中4例首发症状为局部脊髓节段疼痛伴肢体乏力、感觉减退、肌肉萎缩,3例以神经根性疼痛症状发病,1例表现为Brown-Sequard综合征。8例患者的影像学表现均为髓外硬膜下型,均给予脊髓后路手术切除。结果全部手术的8例患者中,5例全切,2例部分切除行囊腔旷置,1例部分切除行囊腔蛛网膜下腔分流术。术后8例患者症状均有不同程度缓解,影像学、电话及门诊随访6例(4例完全切除、1例部分切除行旷置术、1例部分切除行囊腔-蛛网膜下腔分流术)(25.0±9.0)月(12～38)月,症状均无再次加重。结论神经管原肠性囊肿可通过后正中入路手术全切或部分切除获得治愈,应尽早手术治疗。     

实时超声联合神经导航监测在颅内肿瘤显微手术中的应用

目的 探讨实时超声联合神经导航在颅内肿瘤显微手术中定位及实时监测的作用。方法 筛选空军军医大学西京医院神经外科2014年10月至2016年7月收治的35例术中实时超声监测联合神经导航辅助显微手术切除的颅内肿瘤作为观察组,并以同期35例神经导航引导但未行术中实时超声监测的颅内肿瘤作为对照组。结果 观察组肿瘤全切率[91.42%（32/35）]与对照组[82.85%（29/35）]无明显差异（P<0.05）。观察组手术时间[（284.1±20.58）min]较对照组[（306.5±11.92）min]明显缩短（P<0.05）。术前,观察组KPS评分[（58.74±2.076）分]与对照组[（56.34±1.381）分]无明显差异（P>0.05）;术后1周,观察组KPS评分[（83.21±6.217）分]和对照组[（76.49±4.638）分]较术前均明显提高,而且,观察组明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后均未发生严重并发症（如出血、感染等）,围手术期没有死亡病例。术后3个月门诊复查,均未见肿瘤复发。结论 术中超声可精准定位并实时引导,监测肿瘤残余,提高手术效率并最大限度地保护神经功能。     

Destroscope虚拟现实系统在显微神经外科教学中的应用

显微神经外科手术操作相对复杂,对精度及微创的要求较高.而其手术教学及操作培训的手段有限.虚拟现实技术以其独有的优势,在显微神经外科教学中具有重要意义.通过介绍手术虚拟及操作培训的价值及意义,并结合虚拟现实技术在显微神经外科的应用实例,阐述了其在显微神经外科教学中的作用、优势及其应用前景.     

枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖及临床应用

目的：研究枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，并用以指导临床工作。方法：对14具甲醛固定的成人湿性头颅标本进行枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，并对12例下斜坡及枕骨大孔前方脑干腹侧肿瘤患者进行手术切除。结果：寰椎横突及枕下三角是枕下远外侧入路中的重要解剖标志，磨除枕髁、颈静脉结节能增加术野的暴露。本组12例肿瘤患者中全切除9例，次全切除3例，无手术死亡。结论：研究枕下远外侧入路的显微解剖，有助于安全切除下斜坡和枕骨大孔腹侧肿瘤。     

神经内镜与显微手术切除前、中颅底肿瘤

目的探讨神经内镜与显微神经外科技术在切除前、中颅底肿瘤中的意义和手术方法。方法应用神经内镜辅助的显微神经外科技术切除前、中颅底肿瘤89例,其中包括颅眶沟通瘤9例、颅鼻沟通瘤7例、颅眶鼻沟通瘤6例。在显微镜下尽可能切除可见的肿瘤部分,再用神经内镜寻找残余的肿瘤并切除。结果在常规显微神经外科切除肿瘤后,仍有不同程度的残余肿瘤,在内镜下进一步切除,80例(89.9%)肿瘤达全切除,6例(6.7%)获次全切除,3例(3.4%)为部分切除,无手术死亡。结论神经内镜辅助与显微神经外科技术切除前、中颅底肿瘤有助于提高肿瘤全切率,减少手术创伤。     

Microneurosurgery in combination with endovascular embolisation in the treatment of solid haemangioblastoma in the dorsal medulla oblongata

Objective

To investigate the treatment of solid haemangioblastomas in the dorsal medulla oblongata using microneurosurgery in combination with endovascular embolisation.

Methods

Clinical data from 11 patients with solid haemangioblastomas in the dorsal medulla oblongata who were treated with endovascular embolisation followed by microneurosurgery were analysed retrospectively. Clinical results were evaluated using the modified Rankin scale. The patients were preoperatively evaluated by neuroimaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). General anaesthesia was induced, the patients were tracheally intubated, and the abnormal vessels were embolised. Surgery to resect the haemangioblastoma was conducted after the blood-clotting index returned to normal levels (generally one month after the interventional treatment).

Results

Embolisation was accomplished in all 11 patients. DSA analysis revealed that most of the tumour vessels and tumour stains disappeared without any complications. The haemangioblastomas were completely resected. None of the patients received blood transfusion or died during surgery. The neurological deficit was reduced or eliminated in 10 patients, but 1 patient died after experiencing an acute myocardial infarction on the tenth postoperative day. No recurrence occurred during follow-up in patients who underwent total tumour resection. Postoperative grades using the modified Rankin scale were improved in all 10 patients. However, several complications occurred, including communicating hydrocephalus, incision infection, pneumonia and cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the incision. Notably, normal perfusion pressure breakthrough (NPPB) did not develop during or after endovascular embolisation or surgery.

Conclusion

Preoperative endovascular embolisation is a safe and effective adjunct treatment. Employing this treatment, solid haemangioblastomas in the dorsal medulla oblongata can be safely and completely resected.     

儿童髓内星形细胞瘤治疗现状

儿童脊髓星形细胞瘤的治疗依然为挑战性难题。有明确边界的髓内星形细胞瘤可以获得手术近全切除或大部分切除,预后良好;低级别弥散型的脊髓星形细胞瘤手术以活检明确诊断并为放化疗提供基础为主要目的;间变型或恶性星形细胞瘤星形细胞瘤患者,手术辅以放化疗为治疗选择,预后不佳。本文通过分析作者近年来治疗的儿童脊髓星形细胞瘤患者,再结合文献,谈一些目前国内外儿童脊髓星形细胞瘤的治疗现状以及体会。     

颅基底部脑膜瘤（附62例分析）

报告近１０年连续收治的颅基底脑膜瘤６２例，占同期脑膜瘤的５３．１％。其中源于蝶骨嵴２２例（３５．５％），全组病例均经ＣＴ扫描证实。１２例经ＭＲＩ检查，ＣＴ上测量肿瘤直径＞６ｃｍ者占８５．４％。６２例中５０例经手术切除，全切除３８例。Ｓｉｍｐｓｏｎ分级，１级者４例（８％）；２级者３０例（６０％）；３级者４例（８％）；４级者１２例（２４％）。４０例获随访：１、２级者恢复良好，仅１例于术后５年复发，４级中６例复发（原位复发）。