血管生成素-1对脓毒症小鼠肺血管通透性的影响

目的 探讨外源性血管生成素-1(Ang-1)对脓毒症小鼠肺血管通透性的影响.方法 腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)制作脓毒症小鼠模型.64只BALB/c小鼠随机分为NS组、Ang-1组、LPS组和LPS+ Ang-1组(n=16).各组经处理12 h后,分别收集血浆、肺泡灌洗液及肺组织标本.ELISA法测定血浆Ang-1、Ang-2浓度并计算Ang-2/Ang-1比值,测定血浆、肺泡灌洗液的总蛋白浓度并计算肺通透指数(LPI),测定肺组织湿干比及观察肺组织病理变化.结果 Ang-1组血浆Ang-1浓度较NS组明显升高(P＜0.05).LPS组和LPS+ Ang-1组血浆Ang-1浓度较NS组均明显降低(P＜0.01),而血浆Ang-2浓度及Ang-2/Ang-1比值较NS组均明显升高(P＜0.01).LPS+ Ang-1组血浆Ang-1浓度较LPS组明显升高(P＜0.01),且血浆Ang-2浓度及Ang-2/Ang-1比值较LPS组明显降低(P＜0.01).Ang-2/Ang-1比值与小鼠肺湿干比呈明显正相关(r=0.76,P＜0.01).LPS组肺湿干比、肺通透指数较NS组明显升高(P＜0.01),LPS+ Ang-1组肺湿干比、肺通透指数较LPS组明显降低(P＜0.01),且肺组织病理渗出水肿较LPS组明显好转.结论 外源性Ang-1通过调节脓毒症小鼠Ang-2/Ang-1失平衡而发挥降低肺血管通透性及改善肺水肿作用.     

A role for L-��-lysophosphatidylinositol and GPR55 in the modulation of migration, orientation and polarization of human breast cancer cells

Background and purpose:

Increased circulating levels of L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) are associated with cancer and LPI is a potent, ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55. Here we have assessed the modulation of breast cancer cell migration, orientation and polarization by LPI and GPR55.

Experimental approach:

Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure GPR55 expression in breast cancer cell lines. Cell migration and invasion were measured using a Boyden chamber chemotaxis assay and Cultrex® invasion assay, respectively. Cell polarization and orientation in response to the microenvironment were measured using slides containing nanometric grooves.

Key results:

GPR55 expression was detected in the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. In these cells, LPI stimulated binding of [³⁵S]GTPγS to cell membranes (pEC₅₀ 6.47 ± 0.45) and significantly enhanced cell chemotaxis towards serum. MCF-7 cells expressed low levels of GPR55 and did not migrate or invade towards serum factors. When GPR55 was over-expressed in MCF-7 cells, serum induced a robust migratory and invasive response, which was further enhanced by LPI and prevented by siRNA to GPR55. The physical microenvironment has been identified as a key factor in determining breast tumour cell metastatic fate. LPI endowed MDA-MB-231 cells with the capacity to detect shallow (40 nm deep) grooved slides and induced marked cancer cell polarization on both flat and grooved surfaces.

Conclusions and implications:

LPI and GPR55 play a role in the modulation of migration, orientation and polarization of breast cancer cells in response to the tumour microenvironment.This article is part of a themed issue on Cannabinoids. To view the editorial for this themed issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00831.x     

Rheum australe D. Don: a review of its botany, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Rheum australe D. Don (Polygonaceae) has been commonly used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, respiratory and skeletal systems as well as to infectious diseases.

Aim of the review

To provide the up-to-date information that is available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Rheum australe. Additionally, to highlight the possible uses of this species to treat different diseases and to provide a basis for future research.

Materials and methods

The present review covers the literature available from 1980 to 2011. The information was collected from scientific journals, books, theses and reports via a library and electronic search (Google Scholar, Web of Science and ScienceDirect).

Results

Ethnomedical uses of Rheum australe have been recorded from China, India, Nepal and Pakistan for 57 different types of ailments. The phytochemical studies have shown the presence of many secondary metabolites belonging to anthraquinones, stilbenes, anthrones, oxantrone ethers and esters, chromones, flavonoids, carbohydrate, lignans, phenols and sterols. Crude extracts and isolated compounds from Rheum australe show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing activities, as well as a usefulness for improving renal function.

Conclusion

Rheum australe has been widely used source of medicine for years without any adverse effects. Many studies have provided evidence for various traditional uses. However, there is a need for additional studies of the isolated compounds to validate the traditional uses in human models. The present review on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and toxicity has provided preliminary information for further studies and commercial exploitations of the plant.     

Die Aussagefähigkeit des LPI nach E. A. Müller bei der Beurteilung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit von Trainierten und Untrainierten

Zusammenfassung Um zu prüfen, ob sich der LPI-Wert von Sportlern wesentlich von den aus der Literatur bekannten Werten für Untrainierte unterscheidet, wurde der LPI an zwei Kollektiven von Spitzen-Radsportlern und Sportstudenten bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der Mittelwert von 11 Radsportlern (2,84 ± 0,36) und von 24 Sportstudenten (2,66 ± 0,65) im Bereich des von E. A. Müller mit 2,8 ± 0,6 angegebenen Mittelwerts für normale Männer liegt. Der LPI scheint weitgehend trainingsresistent zu sein, daher kann man die körperliche Dauerleistungsfähigkeit von Versuchspersonen unterschiedlichen Trainingszustands nicht mit dem LPI erfassen. Da andererseits ein Zusammenhang zwischen einem kleinen LPI-Wert und einer guten körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit anzunehmen ist, könnte der LPI ein Maß für die Eignung (Talent) zu körperlicher Ausdauerleistung sein.     

脾多肽注射液联合术后化疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者临床疗效的研究

目的 探讨脾多肽对三阴性乳腺癌术后辅助化学药物治疗（以下简称化疗）患者的临床疗效。方法 将2014年1月至2017年12月间收治的80例三阴性乳腺癌患者采用数字表法随机分为对照组（n=40）和试验组（n=40）,对照组采用常规的根治手术加术后辅助化疗,试验组在对照组的基础上加用脾多肽注射液,比较试验组和对照组患者的临床疗效和免疫功能。结果 治疗后,试验组与对照组相比,Karnofsky功能状态评分明显增高（F=5.793,P=0.018）,CD4⁺（t=5.337,P<0.001）、CD8⁺（t=9.874,P<0.001）、自然杀伤细胞（natural killer cell,NK）（t=－7.460,P<0.001）的比例及Treg细胞（t=7.113,P<0.001）都有不同程度地增高。试验组的无进展生存期（progress-free survival period,PFS）比对照组长,两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的上肢淋巴水肿率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 脾多肽注射液可明显提高患者免疫功能,促进生活质量改善与提高,在临床治疗领域具备进一步推广价值。     

Neonatal intensive care and late preterm infants: Health and family functioning at three years

Background

Late preterm infants (LPIs), born at 34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation contribute a significant proportion of all neonatal intensive care (NIC) admissions and are regarded as being at risk of adverse outcomes compared to term-born infants.

Aim

To explore the health outcomes and family functioning of LPIs who required neonatal intensive care, at three years of age.

Study design and subjects

This cohort study included 225 children born late preterm, between 1 January and 31 December 2006 in Northern Ireland. Children admitted for NIC (study group, n = 103) were compared with children who did not require NIC or who required special care only for up to three days (comparison group, n = 122).

Outcome measures

Health outcomes were measured using the Health Status Questionnaire, health service usage by parent report and family functioning using the PedsQL™ Family Impact Module.

Results

LPIs who required NIC revealed similar health outcomes at three years in comparison to those who did not. Despite this, more parents of LPIs who required NIC reported visiting their GP and medical specialists during their child's third year of life. Differences in family functioning were also observed with mothers of LPIs who required NIC reporting, significantly lower levels of social and physical functioning, increased difficulties with communication and increased levels of worry.

Conclusions

LPIs were observed to have similar health outcomes at three years of age regardless of NIC requirement. The increase in GP and medical specialist visits and family functioning difficulties observed among those infants who required NIC merits further investigation.